{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134979710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","title":"The Vertical Construct Validity of Business Economic Performance Measures","display_name":"The Vertical Construct Validity of Business Economic Performance Measures","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134979710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","mag":"2134979710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021886388242002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168717511","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","issn_l":"0021-8863","issn":["0021-8863","1552-6879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086054392","display_name":"Barbara W. Keats","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara W. Keats","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, College of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, College of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086054392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90045593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12675","display_name":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11530","display_name":"Business and Management Studies","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-performance","display_name":"operational performance","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-performance","display_name":"market performance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-performance-measurement","display_name":"financial performance measurement","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality","display_name":"dimensionality","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-validity","display_name":"convergent validity","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-validity","display_name":"discriminant validity","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-performance-indicators","display_name":"organizational performance indicators","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.8959023952484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.8051824569702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120107772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168554","display_name":"Discriminant validity","level":4,"score":0.6628392934799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.6309971809387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5788527727127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121244757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783487","display_name":"Convergent validity","level":4,"score":0.47928231954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.46046730875968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39790505170822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3808160722255707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3463855981826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.29484057426452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25058993697166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.24237826466560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19858789443969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16738182306289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021886388242002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388242002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168717511","display_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","issn_l":"0021-8863","issn":["0021-8863","1552-6879"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585980918","https://openalex.org/W1501269936","https://openalex.org/W1529972356","https://openalex.org/W1572028428","https://openalex.org/W1595575180","https://openalex.org/W1650431508","https://openalex.org/W1964218847","https://openalex.org/W2000789424","https://openalex.org/W2003736612","https://openalex.org/W2014204705","https://openalex.org/W2022229817","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2033756586","https://openalex.org/W2041886080","https://openalex.org/W2042217374","https://openalex.org/W2059355990","https://openalex.org/W2064396124","https://openalex.org/W2070147218","https://openalex.org/W2079540826","https://openalex.org/W2094503940","https://openalex.org/W2119374244","https://openalex.org/W2131536058","https://openalex.org/W2137945018","https://openalex.org/W2142207668","https://openalex.org/W2143206455","https://openalex.org/W2154841656","https://openalex.org/W2158747611","https://openalex.org/W2160040253","https://openalex.org/W2163943228","https://openalex.org/W2317443563","https://openalex.org/W2334078103","https://openalex.org/W2335180796","https://openalex.org/W2772487859","https://openalex.org/W2800719812","https://openalex.org/W3026982857","https://openalex.org/W3140882684","https://openalex.org/W3156707955","https://openalex.org/W4213183334","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4248587759","https://openalex.org/W4254152009","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289256183","https://openalex.org/W4299601558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115884946","https://openalex.org/W3124789366","https://openalex.org/W1508998984","https://openalex.org/W1565051685","https://openalex.org/W3104353868","https://openalex.org/W3124639362","https://openalex.org/W2919273099","https://openalex.org/W1840117063","https://openalex.org/W1509841867","https://openalex.org/W4235089891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organizational":[0],"research":[1,52],"has":[2,15,24],"had":[3],"problems":[4],"with":[5,92,105],"the":[6,38,42,56,62,78,112,116],"concept":[7,14],"of":[8,44,58,77,85,102,115],"business":[9],"economic":[10],"performance":[11,39,57,70,80,87,104],"because":[12],"this":[13],"not":[16],"been":[17,25],"adequately":[18],"developed":[19],"theoretically,":[20],"and":[21,46,48,61,68,82,93],"little":[22],"attention":[23],"paid":[26],"to":[27,96],"measurement":[28],"issues.":[29],"This":[30],"article":[31],"discusses":[32],"a":[33],"study":[34],"that":[35,66,83,97,106],"formally":[36],"assessed":[37],"construct,":[40,81],"including":[41],"issues":[43],"dimensionality":[45],"convergent":[47],"discriminant":[49],"validity.":[50],"The":[51,108],"used":[53],"data":[54],"on":[55],"110":[59],"organizations,":[60],"guiding":[63],"hypotheses":[64],"were":[65],"operating":[67,86],"market":[69,103],"constitute":[71],"two":[72],"separate":[73],"but":[74],"correlated":[75,91],"dimensions":[76],"financial":[79],"indicators":[84,101],"would":[88,100],"be":[89],"highly":[90],"significantly":[94],"related":[95],"dimension,":[98],"as":[99],"dimension.":[107],"study's":[109],"results":[110],"supported":[111],"multidimensional":[113],"nature":[114],"construct.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}