{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134548864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","title":"Sex Bias in Evaluating Motor Activity: General or Task-specific Performance Expectancy?","display_name":"Sex Bias in Evaluating Motor Activity: General or Task-specific Performance Expectancy?","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134548864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","mag":"2134548864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226577","display_name":"Journal of Sport Psychology","issn_l":"0163-433X","issn":["0163-433X","2692-9317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018896965","display_name":"Lawrence R. Brawley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-5741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-5741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. Brawley","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. C. Powers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Powers","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. A. Phillips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. A. Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Queen's University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Queen's University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39660554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"279","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.2768999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-bias","display_name":"sex bias","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-expectancy","display_name":"performance expectancy","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-performance-evaluation","display_name":"motor performance evaluation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-judgment","display_name":"observer evaluation","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscular-endurance","display_name":"muscular endurance","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-error","display_name":"estimation error","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-accuracy","display_name":"motor accuracy","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.7933779954910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6196949481964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5002388954162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42503809928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37800493836402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.31003016233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08692711591720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.4.279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226577","display_name":"Journal of Sport Psychology","issn_l":"0163-433X","issn":["0163-433X","2692-9317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099312887","https://openalex.org/W2048135469","https://openalex.org/W1970687394","https://openalex.org/W2139834527","https://openalex.org/W2599725275","https://openalex.org/W607508290","https://openalex.org/W1484154120","https://openalex.org/W1555888293","https://openalex.org/W1514462153","https://openalex.org/W3217054581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,151],"experiment":[1],"examined":[2],"if":[3],"a":[4,37,45,100,104],"general":[5,109],"expectancy":[6,106,110],"for":[7,111,136,174],"male":[8,112],"superiority":[9,113],"biased":[10],"subjective":[11],"evaluation":[12,118],"of":[13,55,63,65,121,130],"motor":[14,51],"performance.":[15],"Alternatively,":[16],"sex":[17,49,101,119],"bias":[18,38,120],"could":[19],"be":[20,42],"specific":[21],"to":[22,44,74,116,155,167],"tasks":[23],"involving":[24],"muscular":[25,91,123],"work.":[26],"If":[27],"the":[28,32,59,90],"former,":[29],"rather":[30,107],"than":[31,108,140],"latter":[33],"explanation":[34],"is":[35],"viable,":[36],"favoring":[39],"males":[40],"would":[41],"generalized":[43],"task":[46],"not":[47,149],"obviously":[48],"typed:":[50],"accuracy.":[52],"Observers,":[53],"22":[54],"each":[56],"sex,":[57],"watched":[58],"softball":[60],"pitching":[61],"accuracy":[62,69,147],"performers":[64,137],"both":[66],"sexes.":[67],"Performer":[68],"was":[70,114,133,148],"trained":[71],"and":[72],"tested":[73],"ensure":[75],"equality.":[76],"Observers":[77],"estimated":[78],"preperformance":[79,95],"accuracy,":[80],"then":[81],"observed":[82,138],"three":[83],"throws,":[84],"estimating":[85],"postperformance":[86,97,131],"after":[87],"each.":[88],"Unlike":[89],"endurance":[92,124],"experiments,":[93],"neither":[94],"nor":[96],"analysis":[98],"revealed":[99],"bias.":[102],"Thus":[103],"task-specific":[105],"suggested":[115],"explain":[117],"previous":[122],"experiments.":[125],"Surprisingly,":[126],"mean":[127],"error":[128],"magnitude":[129],"estimates":[132],"significantly":[134],"greater":[135],"second":[139],"those":[141],"viewed":[142],"first,":[143],"although":[144],"actual":[145],"performer":[146],"different.":[150],"finding":[152],"appears":[153],"analogous":[154],"psychophysical":[156],"judgment":[157],"results":[158],"in":[159],"which":[160],"successive":[161],"stimulus":[162],"judgments":[163],"were":[164],"conditions":[165],"sufficient":[166],"cause":[168],"estimation":[169],"error.":[170],"Suggestions":[171],"are":[172],"made":[173],"future":[175],"research.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}