{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134463798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","title":"Racial differences in social support: Kin versus friends.","display_name":"Racial differences in social support: Kin versus friends.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134463798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","mag":"2134463798","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16981816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84156235","display_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","issn_l":"0002-9432","issn":["0002-9432","1939-0025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037943149","display_name":"Margaret L. Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-846X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-846X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret L. Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mlgrif@bu.edu","Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mlgrif@bu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109430216","display_name":"Maryann Amodeo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryann Amodeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027169097","display_name":"Cassandra Clay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cassandra Clay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016449694","display_name":"Irene Fassler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Fassler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael A. Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Social Work Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89647117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"3","first_page":"374","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.17149999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women","display_name":"Black women","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-women","display_name":"white women","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinship-support","display_name":"kinship support","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friends","display_name":"friends","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-being","display_name":"well-being","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfaction-with-support","display_name":"satisfaction with support","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-dwelling-women","display_name":"community-dwelling women","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.8240400552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6172481179237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5689839720726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5503250956535339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777116211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531216","display_name":"Next of kin","level":2,"score":0.4892082214355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.44844797253608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3984265625476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.392812579870224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22850367426872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10868144035339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.10767620801925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001900","descriptor_name":"Boston","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003431","descriptor_name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012649","descriptor_name":"Self Concept","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012917","descriptor_name":"Social Adjustment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016241","descriptor_name":"Child of Impaired Parents","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033062","descriptor_name":"Friends","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033062","descriptor_name":"Friends","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84156235","display_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","issn_l":"0002-9432","issn":["0002-9432","1939-0025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16981816","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16981816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309343","display_name":"Greater Boston Council on Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02e1ztj03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969222465","https://openalex.org/W7097315867","https://openalex.org/W2743854827","https://openalex.org/W1964050847","https://openalex.org/W2565131108","https://openalex.org/W2327883098","https://openalex.org/W3187771813","https://openalex.org/W2081514505","https://openalex.org/W2003510799","https://openalex.org/W1996730001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"support":[1,32,43,69,78,95],"was":[2],"examined":[3],"among":[4],"290":[5],"Black":[6,54,90],"and":[7,29,61],"White":[8,97],"women":[9,55,91],"recruited":[10],"from":[11],"the":[12],"community.":[13],"We":[14],"hypothesized":[15],"that":[16,53,89,100,105],"(1)":[17],"social":[18,22,31,77,112],"support,":[19],"adjusted":[20],"for":[21,111],"class,":[23],"would":[24,33],"not":[25,71,103],"vary":[26,72],"by":[27,45,73],"race":[28],"(2)":[30],"be":[34],"related":[35],"to":[36],"well-being.":[37,83],"Standardized":[38],"measures":[39],"were":[40,79],"administered,":[41],"examining":[42],"provided":[44],"friends":[46,63],"versus":[47],"kin":[48,60,94,110],"separately.":[49],"Multivariate":[50],"models":[51],"showed":[52],"reported":[56],"similar":[57],"numbers":[58],"of":[59,76],"fewer":[62],"than":[64,96],"Whites,":[65],"while":[66],"satisfaction":[67],"with":[68,82],"did":[70],"race.":[74],"Measures":[75],"generally":[80],"associated":[81],"These":[84],"findings":[85],"question":[86],"earlier":[87],"reports":[88],"have":[92],"stronger":[93],"women,":[98],"suggesting":[99],"clinicians":[101],"should":[102],"assume":[104],"Blacks":[106],"can":[107],"rely":[108],"on":[109],"support.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}