{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134398909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","title":"The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter","display_name":"The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134398909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","mag":"2134398909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185750702","display_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","issn_l":"1947-5454","issn":["1947-5454","1947-5462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sriram Ramaswamy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147481903","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0538gdx71","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147481903","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210098748","https://openalex.org/I4210134808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sriram Ramaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India and CMTU, JNCASR, Bangalore 560064, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India and CMTU, JNCASR, Bangalore 560064, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147481903","https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147481903","https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6611,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94444444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"323","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-matter","display_name":"active matter","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-particles","display_name":"active particles","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonequilibrium-statistical-mechanics","display_name":"nonequilibrium statistical mechanics","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamics","display_name":"hydrodynamics","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-motors","display_name":"molecular motors","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-propelled-particles","display_name":"self-propelled particles","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"collective behavior","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-dissipation","display_name":"energy dissipation","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-systems","display_name":"biological systems","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775993382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677565","display_name":"Active matter","level":2,"score":0.8226000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.7378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99874945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188715","display_name":"Statistical mechanics","level":2,"score":0.630299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992482898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40397","display_name":"Living matter","level":3,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776184637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506039","display_name":"Living systems","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48057537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3551145","display_name":"Statistical theory","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206183056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833065","display_name":"Analytical mechanics","level":4,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185750702","display_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","issn_l":"1947-5454","issn":["1947-5454","1947-5462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:33458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/33458/1/active.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/33458/1/active.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196309","display_name":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1004.1933","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.1933","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.1933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1004.1933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.1933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1004.1933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185750702","display_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","issn_l":"1947-5454","issn":["1947-5454","1947-5462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1718309747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SR/S4/MS:419/07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3349725324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SR/S4/MS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321027","display_name":"Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/017aem598"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134398909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134398909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":156,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535615823","https://openalex.org/W1588835142","https://openalex.org/W1670478556","https://openalex.org/W1720609651","https://openalex.org/W1859038164","https://openalex.org/W1965850850","https://openalex.org/W1968683855","https://openalex.org/W1968687937","https://openalex.org/W1970644774","https://openalex.org/W1971150927","https://openalex.org/W1973449286","https://openalex.org/W1976332875","https://openalex.org/W1976607065","https://openalex.org/W1976741718","https://openalex.org/W1980803050","https://openalex.org/W1980957251","https://openalex.org/W1983030323","https://openalex.org/W1986010534","https://openalex.org/W1986949726","https://openalex.org/W1988307812","https://openalex.org/W1988471955","https://openalex.org/W1988866442","https://openalex.org/W1989536908","https://openalex.org/W1990039283","https://openalex.org/W1990865613","https://openalex.org/W1991257916","https://openalex.org/W1991565753","https://openalex.org/W1995664116","https://openalex.org/W1995809559","https://openalex.org/W2000618372","https://openalex.org/W2001626540","https://openalex.org/W2001672996","https://openalex.org/W2002719769","https://openalex.org/W2002843016","https://openalex.org/W2003815346","https://openalex.org/W2004059597","https://openalex.org/W2005935750","https://openalex.org/W2006141424","https://openalex.org/W2006798159","https://openalex.org/W2008317504","https://openalex.org/W2008904150","https://openalex.org/W2011267504","https://openalex.org/W2011511054","https://openalex.org/W2012990716","https://openalex.org/W2013488182","https://openalex.org/W2013872595","https://openalex.org/W2014671244","https://openalex.org/W2015410655","https://openalex.org/W2016746146","https://openalex.org/W2018580609","https://openalex.org/W2018730824","https://openalex.org/W2022993370","https://openalex.org/W2024250498","https://openalex.org/W2025562104","https://openalex.org/W2025902807","https://openalex.org/W2030047754","https://openalex.org/W2031896778","https://openalex.org/W2032070467","https://openalex.org/W2033430526","https://openalex.org/W2036838543","https://openalex.org/W2037670315","https://openalex.org/W2038227063","https://openalex.org/W2041781976","https://openalex.org/W2042240946","https://openalex.org/W2043376331","https://openalex.org/W2043807860","https://openalex.org/W2045484945","https://openalex.org/W2045780635","https://openalex.org/W2047037180","https://openalex.org/W2048053035","https://openalex.org/W2048061185","https://openalex.org/W2052114150","https://openalex.org/W2052121439","https://openalex.org/W2055276703","https://openalex.org/W2056860486","https://openalex.org/W2059667163","https://openalex.org/W2059681661","https://openalex.org/W2060203271","https://openalex.org/W2060571642","https://openalex.org/W2060864839","https://openalex.org/W2062595802","https://openalex.org/W2062941309","https://openalex.org/W2063098299","https://openalex.org/W2063134919","https://openalex.org/W2063646036","https://openalex.org/W2065869079","https://openalex.org/W2066196783","https://openalex.org/W2066359652","https://openalex.org/W2067346789","https://openalex.org/W2067446015","https://openalex.org/W2068185071","https://openalex.org/W2068579937","https://openalex.org/W2068587972","https://openalex.org/W2069079436","https://openalex.org/W2069116180","https://openalex.org/W2069457875","https://openalex.org/W2069989664","https://openalex.org/W2072348908","https://openalex.org/W2072873065","https://openalex.org/W2077002577","https://openalex.org/W2079552101","https://openalex.org/W2080320663","https://openalex.org/W2080827436","https://openalex.org/W2082355344","https://openalex.org/W2085810628","https://openalex.org/W2086141571","https://openalex.org/W2086200436","https://openalex.org/W2087722380","https://openalex.org/W2087729945","https://openalex.org/W2088626875","https://openalex.org/W2088923717","https://openalex.org/W2089925516","https://openalex.org/W2090294650","https://openalex.org/W2090370210","https://openalex.org/W2090465694","https://openalex.org/W2092707244","https://openalex.org/W2094971551","https://openalex.org/W2095323333","https://openalex.org/W2097490641","https://openalex.org/W2098136731","https://openalex.org/W2099528960","https://openalex.org/W2101638945","https://openalex.org/W2101780816","https://openalex.org/W2102131384","https://openalex.org/W2105218727","https://openalex.org/W2113917547","https://openalex.org/W2117493055","https://openalex.org/W2121525325","https://openalex.org/W2122468689","https://openalex.org/W2123029770","https://openalex.org/W2123173598","https://openalex.org/W2123543343","https://openalex.org/W2128148344","https://openalex.org/W2132247793","https://openalex.org/W2137477841","https://openalex.org/W2138236350","https://openalex.org/W2151770750","https://openalex.org/W2161812052","https://openalex.org/W2162093412","https://openalex.org/W2162190973","https://openalex.org/W2166454051","https://openalex.org/W2171375996","https://openalex.org/W2242045325","https://openalex.org/W2298838493","https://openalex.org/W2317171544","https://openalex.org/W2408569695","https://openalex.org/W2485795334","https://openalex.org/W2986086925","https://openalex.org/W3098760604","https://openalex.org/W3102291503","https://openalex.org/W4234406933","https://openalex.org/W4236463097","https://openalex.org/W4243846471","https://openalex.org/W4244735284","https://openalex.org/W4251786266","https://openalex.org/W4388395150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311472024","https://openalex.org/W4231976181","https://openalex.org/W2074574519","https://openalex.org/W4302287695","https://openalex.org/W7131648881","https://openalex.org/W2088848081","https://openalex.org/W7033970857","https://openalex.org/W2752591129","https://openalex.org/W3211475240","https://openalex.org/W2020532642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"particles":[1],"contain":[2],"internal":[3],"degrees":[4],"of":[5,45,56,59,61,74,78],"freedom":[6],"with":[7],"the":[8,18,43,57,75],"ability":[9],"to":[10,51,68],"take":[11],"in":[12,17,41],"and":[13,28,49,92],"dissipate":[14],"energy":[15],"and,":[16],"process,":[19],"execute":[20],"systematic":[21,54],"movement.":[22],"Examples":[23],"include":[24],"all":[25],"living":[26,86],"organisms":[27],"their":[29],"motile":[30],"constituents":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"molecular":[34],"motors.":[35],"This":[36],"article":[37],"reviews":[38],"recent":[39],"progress":[40],"applying":[42],"principles":[44],"nonequilibrium":[46],"statistical":[47],"mechanics":[48],"hydrodynamics":[50],"form":[52],"a":[53],"theory":[55],"behavior":[58],"collections":[60],"active":[62,79],"particles\u2013active":[63],"matter\u2013with":[64],"only":[65,85],"minimal":[66],"regard":[67],"microscopic":[69],"details.":[70],"A":[71],"unified":[72],"view":[73],"many":[76],"kinds":[77],"matter":[80],"is":[81],"presented,":[82],"encompassing":[83],"not":[84],"systems":[87],"but":[88],"inanimate":[89],"analogs.":[90],"Theory":[91],"experiment":[93],"are":[94],"discussed":[95],"side":[96],"by":[97],"side.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":241},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":205},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":152},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":196},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":175},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":44}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
