{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134361987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","title":"Not another questionnaire! Maximizing the response rate, predicting non-response and assessing non-response bias in postal questionnaire studies of GPs","display_name":"Not another questionnaire! Maximizing the response rate, predicting non-response and assessing non-response bias in postal questionnaire studies of GPs","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134361987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","mag":"2134361987","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11818359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-pdf/19/1/105/9803527/190105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52165136","display_name":"Family Practice","issn_l":"0263-2136","issn":["0263-2136","1460-2229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-pdf/19/1/105/9803527/190105.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027365505","display_name":"Stephen I.G. Barclay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-7743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-7743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Barclay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Services Research Group, General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Services Research Group, General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027365505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":4892,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4892},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.0525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":300,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99617409,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13546","display_name":"Census and Population Estimation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonresponse-bias","display_name":"nonresponse bias","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-rate","display_name":"response rate","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postal-questionnaires","display_name":"postal questionnaires","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/follow-up-reminders","display_name":"follow-up reminders","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictors-of-non-response","display_name":"predictors of non-response","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palliative-care-education","display_name":"palliative care education","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8280819058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6584426164627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.5339468717575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5200783610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134801348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140425","display_name":"Non-response bias","level":2,"score":0.5159250497817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.46856358647346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3589670658111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14031460881233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12655556201934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11362674832344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06602796912193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005194","descriptor_name":"Family Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-pdf/19/1/105/9803527/190105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52165136","display_name":"Family Practice","issn_l":"0263-2136","issn":["0263-2136","1460-2229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11818359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11818359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/5586899d-05cd-4571-ab7a-a962fd5fe548","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/5586899d-05cd-4571-ab7a-a962fd5fe548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Barclay, S, Todd, C, Finlay, I, Grande, GE & Wyatt, P 2002, 'Not another questionnaire! Maximising the response rate, predicting non-response and assessing non-response bias in postal questionnaire studies of General Practitioners', Family practice, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.1.105","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-pdf/19/1/105/9803527/190105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52165136","display_name":"Family Practice","issn_l":"0263-2136","issn":["0263-2136","1460-2229"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134361987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134361987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26110132","https://openalex.org/W153198137","https://openalex.org/W154338057","https://openalex.org/W1588169573","https://openalex.org/W1597815618","https://openalex.org/W1746730565","https://openalex.org/W1765531061","https://openalex.org/W1806640741","https://openalex.org/W1866855305","https://openalex.org/W1907568060","https://openalex.org/W1910148369","https://openalex.org/W1966818558","https://openalex.org/W1971449201","https://openalex.org/W1991573057","https://openalex.org/W1997221196","https://openalex.org/W2010786659","https://openalex.org/W2010796322","https://openalex.org/W2019485134","https://openalex.org/W2033120305","https://openalex.org/W2035982357","https://openalex.org/W2038607222","https://openalex.org/W2044722107","https://openalex.org/W2054052762","https://openalex.org/W2055552088","https://openalex.org/W2127117231","https://openalex.org/W2130422962","https://openalex.org/W2137386110","https://openalex.org/W2167731924","https://openalex.org/W2235326492","https://openalex.org/W2324814459","https://openalex.org/W2332855733","https://openalex.org/W2497507960","https://openalex.org/W2604465442","https://openalex.org/W2764058298","https://openalex.org/W4239912091","https://openalex.org/W4321429559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968553803","https://openalex.org/W2413496693","https://openalex.org/W2031395400","https://openalex.org/W1907568060","https://openalex.org/W2513442629","https://openalex.org/W2105519656","https://openalex.org/W1492284495","https://openalex.org/W2129687130","https://openalex.org/W2094516350","https://openalex.org/W2167731924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Non-response":[1],"is":[2,21,220],"an":[3],"important":[4],"potential":[5,41],"source":[6],"of":[7,14,22,30,53,62,66,77,91,95,117,124,147,160,165,169,178,203,208,241,267],"bias":[8,73,150,269],"in":[9,70,98,105,246,264],"survey":[10],"research.":[11],"With":[12],"evidence":[13],"falling":[15],"response":[16,36,111,122,217],"rates":[17,37],"from":[18,213],"GPs,":[19,63],"it":[20,219],"increasing":[23],"importance":[24],"when":[25,56],"undertaking":[26,57],"postal":[27,59,85,200],"questionnaire":[28,60,86,201],"surveys":[29],"GPs":[31,97,234],"to":[32,34,49,172,186,238],"seek":[33],"maximize":[35],"and":[38,74,103,133,138,141,162,270],"evaluate":[39],"the":[40,51,64,75,151,166,174,215,247,265],"for":[42,190,198,254],"non-response":[43,72,268],"bias.":[44],"OBJECTIVES:":[45],"Our":[46],"aim":[47],"was":[48,88,126],"investigate":[50],"effectiveness":[52],"follow-up":[54,118],"procedures":[55],"a":[58,92,120],"study":[61,87,194],"use":[65],"publicly":[67],"available":[68,258],"data":[69,259],"assessing":[71],"development":[76],"regression":[78,155],"models":[79],"predicting":[80],"responder":[81],"behaviour.":[82],"METHOD:":[83],"A":[84,109],"carried":[89],"out":[90],"random":[93],"sample":[94,140,152],"600":[96],"Wales":[99],"concerning":[100],"their":[101],"training":[102],"knowledge":[104],"palliative":[106],"care.":[107],"RESULTS:":[108],"cumulative":[110,216],"rate":[112,123],"graph":[113],"permitted":[114],"optimal":[115,206],"timing":[116,207],"mailings:":[119],"final":[121],"67.6%":[125],"achieved.":[127],"Differences":[128],"were":[129,182],"found":[130],"between":[131,139],"responders":[132,181],"non-responders":[134],"on":[135,143],"several":[136,196],"parameters":[137,230],"population":[142],"some":[144,146],"parameters:":[145],"these":[148,242],"may":[149,210,243,251,260],"data.":[153],"Logistic":[154],"analysis":[156,266],"indicated":[157],"medical":[158],"school":[159],"qualification":[161],"current":[163],"membership":[164],"Royal":[167],"College":[168],"General":[170],"Practitioners":[171],"be":[173,211,244,252,261],"only":[175],"significant":[176],"predictors":[177],"responders.":[179],"Late":[180],"significantly":[183,232],"more":[184,240],"likely":[185],"have":[187],"been":[188],"qualified":[189],"longer.":[191],"CONCLUSIONS:":[192],"This":[193],"has":[195],"implications":[197],"future":[199],"studies":[202],"GPs.":[204],"The":[205],"reminders":[209],"judged":[212],"plotting":[214],"rate:":[218],"worth":[221],"sending":[222],"at":[223],"least":[224],"three":[225],"reminders.":[226],"There":[227],"are":[228,236],"few":[229],"that":[231],"predict":[233],"who":[235],"unlikely":[237],"respond;":[239],"included":[245],"sample,":[248],"or":[249],"they":[250],"targeted":[253],"special":[255],"attention.":[256],"Publicly":[257],"used":[262],"readily":[263],"generalizability.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}