{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134351768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cmp-lg/9502010","title":"NPtool, a detector of English noun phrases","display_name":"NPtool, a detector of English noun phrases","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134351768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cmp-lg/9502010","mag":"2134351768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cmp-lg/9502010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9502010","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cmp-lg/9502010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cmp-lg/9502010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111477267","display_name":"Atro Voutilainen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Voutilainen, Atro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit for Computational Linguistics, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit for Computational Linguistics, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111477267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-noun-phrases","display_name":"English noun phrases","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"information retrieval","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corpus-analysis","display_name":"corpus analysis","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-architecture","display_name":"system architecture","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.811822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153962237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401131","display_name":"Noun phrase","level":3,"score":0.8009703159332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.709533154964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.670824408531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5826030373573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41417386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147276","display_name":"Proper noun","level":2,"score":0.5363375544548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5142011642456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5054285526275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.4833342730998993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.424924373626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.41189658641815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.12307906150817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08191418647766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cmp-lg/9502010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9502010","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cmp-lg/9502010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.187.6893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.187.6893","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W93/W93-0306.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.cmp-lg/9502010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cmp-lg/9502010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cmp-lg/9502010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:2134351768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W93-0306.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cmp-lg/9502010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9502010","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cmp-lg/9502010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58591666","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W2046592963","https://openalex.org/W2053861089","https://openalex.org/W2061271742","https://openalex.org/W2062837929","https://openalex.org/W2103343427","https://openalex.org/W2485466884","https://openalex.org/W2796493717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2524460980","https://openalex.org/W7099682357","https://openalex.org/W2076909162","https://openalex.org/W2569644443","https://openalex.org/W3162178451","https://openalex.org/W2786158242","https://openalex.org/W1498746699","https://openalex.org/W2731488926","https://openalex.org/W1607515756","https://openalex.org/W2543719410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NPtool":[0],"is":[1,34],"a":[2,28,43],"fast":[3],"and":[4,24],"accurate":[5],"system":[6,32],"for":[7,14],"extracting":[8],"noun":[9],"phrases":[10],"from":[11],"English":[12],"texts":[13],"the":[15,31,52],"purposes":[16],"of":[17,42],"e.g.":[18],"information":[19],"retrieval,":[20],"translation":[21],"unit":[22],"discovery,":[23],"corpus":[25],"studies.":[26],"After":[27],"general":[29],"introduction,":[30],"architecture":[33],"presented":[35],"in":[36],"outline.":[37],"Then":[38],"follows":[39],"an":[40],"examination":[41],"recently":[44],"written":[45],"Constraint":[46],"Syntax.":[47],"An":[48],"evaluation":[49],"report":[50],"concludes":[51],"paper.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}