{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134252829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","title":"Death of Distance in Science? A Gravity Approach to Research Collaboration","display_name":"Death of Distance in Science? A Gravity Approach to Research Collaboration","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134252829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","mag":"2134252829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212399","display_name":"Understanding complex systems","issn_l":"1860-0832","issn":["1860-0832","1860-0840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Understanding Complex Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244826602","display_name":"Innovation Networks"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/387455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000401722","display_name":"Koen Frenken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-0201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-0201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koen Frenken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018966174","display_name":"Jarno Hoekman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-1229","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-1229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarno Hoekman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033033041","display_name":"Suzanne Kok","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Kok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043396429","display_name":"Roderik Ponds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roderik Ponds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083638155","display_name":"Frank G. Van Oort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-768X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-768X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank van Oort","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048133170","display_name":"Jan van Vliet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joep van Vliet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000401722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97500771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12483","display_name":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-collaboration","display_name":"research collaboration","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-networks","display_name":"scientific networks","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-decay","display_name":"distance decay","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-growth","display_name":"regional economic growth","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-of-flows","display_name":"space of flows","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-of-places","display_name":"space of places","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-theory","display_name":"network theory","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.682070791721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6398413181304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.6265453696250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6134482622146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.6131153106689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5591452121734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5286771655082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5208697319030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.455597847700119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20468324422836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1788310706615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15375754237174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13363856077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212399","display_name":"Understanding complex systems","issn_l":"1860-0832","issn":["1860-0832","1860-0840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Understanding Complex Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:657902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=657902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN:978-3-540-92266-7","raw_type":"Part of book or chapter of book"},{"id":"pmh:eur:oai:pure.eur.nl:publications/1a209150-b9cc-4f21-adc7-194e12b50567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/1a209150-b9cc-4f21-adc7-194e12b50567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Innovation Networks: New Approaches in Modelling and Analyzing, 43 - 57","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookpart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/387455","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/387455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:657902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/657902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN:978-3-540-92266-7","raw_type":"Part of book or chapter of book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire_cris_publications/1a209150-b9cc-4f21-adc7-194e12b50567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/67649675473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frenken, K, Hoekman, J, Kok, S, Ponds, R, van Oort, F & van Vliet, J 2009, Death of distance in science? A gravity approach to research collaboration. in A Pyka & A Scharnhorst (eds), Innovation Networks : New Approaches in Modelling and Analyzing. Understanding Complex Systems, vol. 2009, pp. 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92267-4_3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:library.tue.nl:657902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/657902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Innovation Networks: new approaches in modelling and analyzing, 43","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookpart"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/387455","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/387455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Innovation Networks - New Approaches in Modelling and Analyzing, 46. Springer","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookpart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/387455","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/387455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Part of book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.428600013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609436182","https://openalex.org/W1490333825","https://openalex.org/W1580524653","https://openalex.org/W1798101903","https://openalex.org/W1865540998","https://openalex.org/W1873540812","https://openalex.org/W1933234744","https://openalex.org/W1968963246","https://openalex.org/W1971909015","https://openalex.org/W1986770435","https://openalex.org/W1989948904","https://openalex.org/W1999216122","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2015560304","https://openalex.org/W2016382728","https://openalex.org/W2022799198","https://openalex.org/W2029512968","https://openalex.org/W2037925493","https://openalex.org/W2039675166","https://openalex.org/W2053120142","https://openalex.org/W2057222804","https://openalex.org/W2081737557","https://openalex.org/W2107351498","https://openalex.org/W2108708034","https://openalex.org/W2116917121","https://openalex.org/W2121639104","https://openalex.org/W2129208071","https://openalex.org/W2130277684","https://openalex.org/W2152331887","https://openalex.org/W2162170976","https://openalex.org/W2262759381","https://openalex.org/W2329455117","https://openalex.org/W2606066388","https://openalex.org/W2999675675","https://openalex.org/W3105201228","https://openalex.org/W3122487973","https://openalex.org/W4250451402","https://openalex.org/W6638912893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587814109","https://openalex.org/W3167376631","https://openalex.org/W1556082127","https://openalex.org/W7099781717","https://openalex.org/W3162402479","https://openalex.org/W4238794719","https://openalex.org/W1491265501","https://openalex.org/W1811199489","https://openalex.org/W7095597019","https://openalex.org/W2111189350"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
