{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134084792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","title":"Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy","display_name":"Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134084792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","mag":"2134084792","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17550343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90670110","display_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","issn_l":"0066-4308","issn":["0066-4308","1545-2085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009367740","display_name":"Frans \u0392. \u039c. de Waal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-6653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-6653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738091","display_name":"Emory National Primate Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/038kr2d80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I4392738091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frans B.M. de Waal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I4392738091"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I4392738091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009367740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I4392738091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2483,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98431373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1","first_page":"279","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.2915000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.2915000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.15639999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.12150000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism","display_name":"altruism","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution-of-empathy","display_name":"evolution of empathy","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective-taking","display_name":"perspective taking","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kin-selection","display_name":"kin selection","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal-altruism","display_name":"reciprocal altruism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-contagion","display_name":"emotional contagion","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-psychology-of-emotion","display_name":"evolutionary psychology of emotion","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8616156578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.816222071647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7835150957107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6197919845581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119838172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429787","display_name":"Reciprocal altruism","level":2,"score":0.6031959056854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.5836103558540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5536726117134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46363204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170571","display_name":"Personal distress","level":3,"score":0.5181095004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4430575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005215","display_name":"Inclusive fitness","level":2,"score":0.4791128635406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23714114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741598","display_name":"Kin selection","level":2,"score":0.45267581939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43030470609664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.42777928709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190264587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861691","display_name":"Simulation theory of empathy","level":3,"score":0.4236987829208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780342009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387795","display_name":"Perspective-taking","level":3,"score":0.41970741748809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207546712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5710255","display_name":"Helping behavior","level":2,"score":0.4149368405342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1264408528804779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12032681703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08674070239067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000533","descriptor_name":"Altruism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000533","descriptor_name":"Altruism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000533","descriptor_name":"Altruism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90670110","display_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","issn_l":"0066-4308","issn":["0066-4308","1545-2085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17550343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17550343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":183,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13133693","https://openalex.org/W16298128","https://openalex.org/W44276127","https://openalex.org/W126520988","https://openalex.org/W177619466","https://openalex.org/W200861998","https://openalex.org/W229479180","https://openalex.org/W299683269","https://openalex.org/W577301328","https://openalex.org/W588090393","https://openalex.org/W597978295","https://openalex.org/W609022544","https://openalex.org/W622856548","https://openalex.org/W640690655","https://openalex.org/W824821335","https://openalex.org/W955547541","https://openalex.org/W1481402319","https://openalex.org/W1487777840","https://openalex.org/W1495145394","https://openalex.org/W1507225060","https://openalex.org/W1515738417","https://openalex.org/W1540003540","https://openalex.org/W1565502376","https://openalex.org/W1568957012","https://openalex.org/W1581387623","https://openalex.org/W1582100807","https://openalex.org/W1594297599","https://openalex.org/W1613293799","https://openalex.org/W1614554737","https://openalex.org/W1631057552","https://openalex.org/W1794034219","https://openalex.org/W1812406144","https://openalex.org/W1849553904","https://openalex.org/W1934703699","https://openalex.org/W1964823822","https://openalex.org/W1966962584","https://openalex.org/W1969125350","https://openalex.org/W1969153009","https://openalex.org/W1976138317","https://openalex.org/W1976734721","https://openalex.org/W1980036598","https://openalex.org/W1982376050","https://openalex.org/W1984491168","https://openalex.org/W1989383921","https://openalex.org/W1990229534","https://openalex.org/W1994562538","https://openalex.org/W1996918829","https://openalex.org/W2000873269","https://openalex.org/W2001233357","https://openalex.org/W2001431842","https://openalex.org/W2002320784","https://openalex.org/W2005708269","https://openalex.org/W2006253216","https://openalex.org/W2007392583","https://openalex.org/W2007903244","https://openalex.org/W2008834067","https://openalex.org/W2009806417","https://openalex.org/W2010606127","https://openalex.org/W2010730471","https://openalex.org/W2011324421","https://openalex.org/W2013924260","https://openalex.org/W2016740912","https://openalex.org/W2019924339","https://openalex.org/W2023497711","https://openalex.org/W2023660214","https://openalex.org/W2024444815","https://openalex.org/W2026408456","https://openalex.org/W2027814249","https://openalex.org/W2031704516","https://openalex.org/W2032782273","https://openalex.org/W2034452705","https://openalex.org/W2034658786","https://openalex.org/W2035518691","https://openalex.org/W2035615674","https://openalex.org/W2036873686","https://openalex.org/W2038501777","https://openalex.org/W2041734960","https://openalex.org/W2041897859","https://openalex.org/W2042615900","https://openalex.org/W2042897185","https://openalex.org/W2045119048","https://openalex.org/W2047116672","https://openalex.org/W2047921381","https://openalex.org/W2048785675","https://openalex.org/W2055153342","https://openalex.org/W2056153022","https://openalex.org/W2058308079","https://openalex.org/W2059192263","https://openalex.org/W2061112679","https://openalex.org/W2062489208","https://openalex.org/W2062856029","https://openalex.org/W2063792498","https://openalex.org/W2069506796","https://openalex.org/W2069763949","https://openalex.org/W2071572667","https://openalex.org/W2071959089","https://openalex.org/W2072683973","https://openalex.org/W2074362819","https://openalex.org/W2075143291","https://openalex.org/W2075765287","https://openalex.org/W2076477730","https://openalex.org/W2081186010","https://openalex.org/W2084336412","https://openalex.org/W2085450659","https://openalex.org/W2087016008","https://openalex.org/W2091490281","https://openalex.org/W2091546290","https://openalex.org/W2092593063","https://openalex.org/W2093462774","https://openalex.org/W2094024559","https://openalex.org/W2097693453","https://openalex.org/W2098425678","https://openalex.org/W2101182646","https://openalex.org/W2103462950","https://openalex.org/W2103710664","https://openalex.org/W2104698335","https://openalex.org/W2106892943","https://openalex.org/W2110475150","https://openalex.org/W2110962966","https://openalex.org/W2114509342","https://openalex.org/W2115066445","https://openalex.org/W2115638627","https://openalex.org/W2115907566","https://openalex.org/W2116146623","https://openalex.org/W2116534743","https://openalex.org/W2121764953","https://openalex.org/W2124887194","https://openalex.org/W2126474339","https://openalex.org/W2131019802","https://openalex.org/W2131048802","https://openalex.org/W2132307087","https://openalex.org/W2134727133","https://openalex.org/W2135370090","https://openalex.org/W2137626515","https://openalex.org/W2140066167","https://openalex.org/W2142381843","https://openalex.org/W2143455395","https://openalex.org/W2146233605","https://openalex.org/W2146347459","https://openalex.org/W2148300948","https://openalex.org/W2149758703","https://openalex.org/W2150422125","https://openalex.org/W2150566958","https://openalex.org/W2153480757","https://openalex.org/W2154655824","https://openalex.org/W2155486948","https://openalex.org/W2158389408","https://openalex.org/W2159292304","https://openalex.org/W2162376483","https://openalex.org/W2163592410","https://openalex.org/W2167030552","https://openalex.org/W2167068946","https://openalex.org/W2171295863","https://openalex.org/W2189413605","https://openalex.org/W2222736023","https://openalex.org/W2402728314","https://openalex.org/W2473670419","https://openalex.org/W2476864514","https://openalex.org/W2479602461","https://openalex.org/W2486637906","https://openalex.org/W2505624357","https://openalex.org/W2624262714","https://openalex.org/W2724506408","https://openalex.org/W2734709295","https://openalex.org/W2736820163","https://openalex.org/W2798340088","https://openalex.org/W2917958239","https://openalex.org/W2947133992","https://openalex.org/W3094556948","https://openalex.org/W3177559218","https://openalex.org/W4206954593","https://openalex.org/W4214918818","https://openalex.org/W4232195445","https://openalex.org/W4247286306","https://openalex.org/W4253581535","https://openalex.org/W4294255555","https://openalex.org/W4298356343","https://openalex.org/W4298405973","https://openalex.org/W4307533328","https://openalex.org/W4319590461","https://openalex.org/W4388250061","https://openalex.org/W4388310848","https://openalex.org/W4388331389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2300565221","https://openalex.org/W4254061626","https://openalex.org/W2951323315","https://openalex.org/W2895784079","https://openalex.org/W1883631429","https://openalex.org/W4242182981","https://openalex.org/W2409479225","https://openalex.org/W2510232036","https://openalex.org/W4220981415","https://openalex.org/W3006627599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0],"theory":[1],"postulates":[2],"that":[3,68],"altruistic":[4,38],"behavior":[5],"evolved":[6,104],"for":[7,111],"the":[8,12,28,37,83,98,112,122,127,130,136],"return-benefits":[9,15],"it":[10,125],"bears":[11],"performer.":[13],"For":[14],"to":[16,24,36,50,59],"play":[17],"a":[18,93],"motivational":[19],"role,":[20],"however,":[21],"they":[22],"need":[23],"be":[25],"experienced":[26],"by":[27],"organism.":[29],"Motivational":[30],"analyses":[31],"should":[32],"restrict":[33],"themselves,":[34],"therefore,":[35],"impulse":[39],"and":[40,79,114,145],"its":[41,119],"knowable":[42],"consequences.":[43],"Empathy":[44],"is":[45,66,71],"an":[46],"ideal":[47],"candidate":[48],"mechanism":[49,70,138],"underlie":[51],"so-called":[52],"directed":[53],"altruism,":[54],"i.e.,":[55],"altruism":[56,117,147],"in":[57,97,129],"response":[58],"anothers's":[60],"pain,":[61],"need,":[62],"or":[63],"distress.":[64],"Evidence":[65],"accumulating":[67],"this":[69],"phylogenetically":[72],"ancient,":[73],"probably":[74],"as":[75,77],"old":[76],"mammals":[78],"birds.":[80],"Perception":[81],"of":[82,86,135],"emotional":[84,95,123],"state":[85,96],"another":[87],"automatically":[88],"activates":[89],"shared":[90],"representations":[91],"causing":[92],"matching":[94],"observer.":[99],"With":[100],"increasing":[101],"cognition,":[102],"state-matching":[103],"into":[105],"more":[106],"complex":[107],"forms,":[108],"including":[109],"concern":[110],"other":[113],"perspective-taking.":[115],"Empathy-induced":[116],"derives":[118],"strength":[120],"from":[121,142],"stake":[124],"offers":[126],"self":[128],"other's":[131],"welfare.":[132],"The":[133],"dynamics":[134],"empathy":[137],"agree":[139],"with":[140],"predictions":[141],"kin":[143],"selection":[144],"reciprocal":[146],"theory.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":144},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":176},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":191},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":216},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":177},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":130},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":87}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
