{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133934841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","title":"Candidate Support in Presidential Nomination Campaigns: The Case of Iowa in 1984","display_name":"Candidate Support in Presidential Nomination Campaigns: The Case of Iowa in 1984","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133934841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","mag":"2133934841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2132109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95650557","display_name":"The Journal of Politics","issn_l":"0022-3816","issn":["0022-3816","1468-2508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070307236","display_name":"Walter J. Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-1232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-1232"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter J. Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Univ. of Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Colorado","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004190102","display_name":"Ronald B. Rapoport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-7373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-7373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald B. Rapoport","raw_affiliation_strings":["","college of william and mary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"college of william and mary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001022177","display_name":"Alan I. Abramowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-3471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-3471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan I. Abramowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98355284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"1074","last_page":"1097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-nomination-campaigns","display_name":"presidential nomination campaigns","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-choice","display_name":"candidate choice","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iowa-caucuses","display_name":"Iowa caucuses","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-party","display_name":"Democratic Party","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1984-presidential-election","display_name":"1984 presidential election","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-utility-theory","display_name":"expected utility theory","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference-models","display_name":"preference models","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-organization","display_name":"party organization","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775925287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156895","display_name":"Nomination","level":2,"score":0.9758569002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5625555515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5539188981056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751892","display_name":"Caucus","level":3,"score":0.5220346450805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.48852837085723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4560617506504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.4225044250488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41137272119522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3306664228439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.319048672914505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18210315704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17837205529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08501935005187988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2132109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2132109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95650557","display_name":"The Journal of Politics","issn_l":"0022-3816","issn":["0022-3816","1468-2508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617059786","https://openalex.org/W621203347","https://openalex.org/W657876841","https://openalex.org/W1963981186","https://openalex.org/W1975340157","https://openalex.org/W1983659553","https://openalex.org/W1989926929","https://openalex.org/W2030391031","https://openalex.org/W2069109065","https://openalex.org/W2086379428","https://openalex.org/W2104289429","https://openalex.org/W2106884046","https://openalex.org/W2115701258","https://openalex.org/W2133386680","https://openalex.org/W2139464888","https://openalex.org/W2140622867","https://openalex.org/W2147151648","https://openalex.org/W2256834943","https://openalex.org/W2315795362","https://openalex.org/W2316813132","https://openalex.org/W2318965656","https://openalex.org/W2319352740","https://openalex.org/W2331918184","https://openalex.org/W2587054060","https://openalex.org/W2606589703","https://openalex.org/W2796234449","https://openalex.org/W2797745261","https://openalex.org/W4230803130","https://openalex.org/W4247140771","https://openalex.org/W4298238264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029693676","https://openalex.org/W2330870414","https://openalex.org/W2086939439","https://openalex.org/W1983659553","https://openalex.org/W2312207764","https://openalex.org/W2683635632","https://openalex.org/W2006755886","https://openalex.org/W2122901641","https://openalex.org/W2318965656","https://openalex.org/W2051259606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,85],"analyze":[1],"three":[2],"explanations":[3,88],"of":[4,29,46,81,91,141,156],"candidate":[5,27,65,79,110,120,125,133],"choice":[6,19,38,111],"in":[7,83,101,112],"presidential":[8],"nomination":[9,18,49,143],"campaigns:":[10],"(1)":[11],"a":[12,33],"preference":[13,123],"model,":[14],"which":[15],"contends":[16],"that":[17,36,60,138],"is":[20,39],"based":[21],"on":[22,89,132],"the":[23,30,42,48,51,75,139,157],"ideological,":[24,69],"issue,":[25,70],"or":[26,50],"preferences":[28,63,73],"voter;":[31],"(2)":[32],"candidate-chances":[34],"explanation":[35],"argues":[37],"motivated":[40],"by":[41,67,74],"chances":[43,66,77,126],"candidates":[44],"have":[45,128],"winning":[47,82],"general":[52],"election;":[53],"and":[54,64,71,95,124,145],"(3)":[55],"an":[56],"expected":[57,104],"utility":[58,105],"model":[59,106],"includes":[61],"both":[62,113,122],"discounting":[68],"candidate-trait":[72],"perceived":[76],"each":[78],"has":[80],"November.":[84],"test":[86],"these":[87],"samples":[90],"Democratic":[92],"caucus":[93],"attenders":[94],"state":[96],"convention":[97],"delegates":[98],"from":[99],"Iowa":[100],"1984.":[102],"The":[103],"most":[107],"successfully":[108],"predicts":[109],"samples.":[114],"Even":[115],"with":[116],"appropriate":[117],"controls":[118],"for":[119],"affect,":[121],"measures":[127],"significant":[129],"independent":[130],"effects":[131],"choice.":[134],"Our":[135],"analysis":[136],"suggests":[137],"interests":[140],"individual":[142],"participants":[144],"party":[146],"organizations":[147],"may":[148],"not":[149],"be":[150],"as":[151,153],"disparate":[152],"many":[154],"critics":[155],"contemporary":[158],"process":[159],"believe.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}