{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133580508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","title":"Property Rights to Technical Knowledge in Premodern Europe, 1300\u20131800","display_name":"Property Rights to Technical Knowledge in Premodern Europe, 1300\u20131800","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133580508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","mag":"2133580508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/0002828041301777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stephan R Epstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephan R Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economic History, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2 2AE, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economic History, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2 2AE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92897277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"2","first_page":"382","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13897","display_name":"Historical Economic and Legal Thought","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-knowledge","display_name":"technical knowledge","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premodern-europe","display_name":"premodern Europe","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guilds","display_name":"guilds","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rent-seeking","display_name":"rent-seeking","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-framework","display_name":"institutional framework","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-standards","display_name":"living standards","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.7222875356674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6694791913032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6646584868431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.5867198705673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5526526570320129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.48227933049201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692324","display_name":"Technical change","level":3,"score":0.4777607023715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.35885515809059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1999025046825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.15231743454933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09963122010231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/0002828041301777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:16554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/16554/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:94:y:2004:i:2:p:382-387","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828041301777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1156757394","https://openalex.org/W1498069040","https://openalex.org/W1578992551","https://openalex.org/W1600188765","https://openalex.org/W2049667826","https://openalex.org/W2066979365","https://openalex.org/W2075133521","https://openalex.org/W2080302070","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2157439430","https://openalex.org/W2569946383","https://openalex.org/W2797057106","https://openalex.org/W4244271433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105863184","https://openalex.org/W4376472018","https://openalex.org/W2028484430","https://openalex.org/W7207172627","https://openalex.org/W7137543411","https://openalex.org/W4376472079","https://openalex.org/W7013298523","https://openalex.org/W612225158","https://openalex.org/W7097172724","https://openalex.org/W3035933446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"role":[1],"of":[2,87,103],"technology":[3],"in":[4,13,23,90],"the":[5,20,34,82,85,91],"transition":[6],"from":[7],"premodem,":[8],"Malthusian":[9],"to":[10,56,59,68,79,101],"modem":[11],"economies":[12],"late":[14],"18thand":[15],"19th-century":[16],"Europe":[17],"is":[18,28,77],"among":[19],"major":[21],"questions":[22],"economic":[24],"history,":[25],"but":[26],"it":[27],"still":[29],"poorly":[30,64],"understood.":[31],"In":[32],"particular,":[33],"view":[35],"that":[36,48,84],"premodern":[37],"societies":[38],"experienced":[39],"low":[40],"labor":[41],"productivity":[42],"and":[43,47,63],"stagnant":[44],"living":[45],"standards,":[46],"technological":[49,88],"change":[50],"before":[51],"ca.":[52],"1800":[53],"was":[54],"close":[55],"zero":[57],"due":[58],"pervasive":[60],"guild":[61],"rent-seeking":[62],"specified":[65],"property":[66],"rights":[67],"knowledge":[69],"(Douglass":[70],"C.":[71],"North,":[72],"1981;":[73],"Joel":[74],"Mokyr,":[75],"2002),":[76],"hard":[78],"square":[80],"with":[81],"fact":[83],"surge":[86],"innovation":[89],"18th":[92],"century":[93],"occurred":[94],"within":[95],"institutional":[96],"frameworks":[97],"not":[98],"too":[99],"dissimilar":[100],"those":[102],"1300.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}