{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133457243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","title":"Phonemic Awareness Helps First Graders Invent Spellings and Third Graders Remember Correct Spellings","display_name":"Phonemic Awareness Helps First Graders Invent Spellings and Third Graders Remember Correct Spellings","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133457243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","mag":"2133457243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10862969109547737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181866","display_name":"Journal of Reading Behavior","issn_l":"0022-4111","issn":["0022-4111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Reading Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036589025","display_name":"Priscilla L. Griffith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-3680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-3680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priscilla L. Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036589025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93352005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"215","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonemic-awareness","display_name":"phonemic awareness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-development","display_name":"spelling development","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthographic-representation","display_name":"orthographic representation","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-acquisition","display_name":"spelling acquisition","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-grade-students","display_name":"first grade students","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-grade-students","display_name":"third grade","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-encoding","display_name":"sequential encoding","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-spelling","display_name":"children's spelling","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.9704575538635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781246517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187200","display_name":"Phonemic awareness","level":3,"score":0.7760353684425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5793952941894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563374","display_name":"Phonological awareness","level":3,"score":0.5256170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5060104727745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4810502827167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.46373191475868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4259995222091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.334028959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3211669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10862969109547737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181866","display_name":"Journal of Reading Behavior","issn_l":"0022-4111","issn":["0022-4111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Reading Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121977588","https://openalex.org/W133779786","https://openalex.org/W196472453","https://openalex.org/W583184772","https://openalex.org/W1506849263","https://openalex.org/W1586414640","https://openalex.org/W1598269872","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W1972674360","https://openalex.org/W1977633188","https://openalex.org/W1982979405","https://openalex.org/W1987756661","https://openalex.org/W2005032463","https://openalex.org/W2021211892","https://openalex.org/W2024297060","https://openalex.org/W2032234782","https://openalex.org/W2036161103","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2088969369","https://openalex.org/W2105577071","https://openalex.org/W2139142772","https://openalex.org/W2141203236","https://openalex.org/W2318664506","https://openalex.org/W2769768246","https://openalex.org/W2908064955","https://openalex.org/W6757885731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W265780654","https://openalex.org/W1568556158","https://openalex.org/W314486529","https://openalex.org/W2100033758","https://openalex.org/W2298189381","https://openalex.org/W1981756485","https://openalex.org/W2037921353","https://openalex.org/W2157696593","https://openalex.org/W1970467316","https://openalex.org/W1498169356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"current":[1],"study":[2],"investigated":[3],"the":[4,14,20,50,59,96,110,119,126],"direct":[5],"effects":[6],"of":[7,22,25,49,58,98,112,121,125,128],"phonemic":[8,17,67,113,134],"awareness":[9,18,42,68,114,135],"on":[10],"spelling":[11,54,81,92],"development":[12,120],"and":[13,19,43,56,106,131],"relationship":[15,65],"between":[16,66],"acquisition":[21],"orthographic":[23,100],"representations":[24],"equivocal":[26],"phonemes":[27,29],"(i.e.,":[28],"with":[30],"more":[31,94],"than":[32],"one":[33],"rule-governed":[34],"spelling),":[35],"referred":[36],"to":[37,73],"as":[38,115],"word-specific":[39,44,122],"information.":[40,123],"Phonemic":[41],"information":[45],"accounted":[46],"for":[47,118],"54%":[48],"variance":[51,60],"in":[52,61,78,89,103,133],"first-grade":[53],"scores":[55],"70%":[57],"third-grade":[62],"scores.":[63],"changed":[69],"from":[70],"first":[71,79,105],"grade":[72,80,91,108],"third":[74,90,107],"grade,":[75],"indicating":[76],"that":[77],"is":[82],"primarily":[83],"a":[84,116],"sequential":[85],"encoding":[86],"process":[87],"whereas":[88],"relies":[93],"upon":[95],"use":[97],"memorized":[99],"units.":[101],"Scattergrams":[102],"both":[104],"supported":[109,137],"notion":[111],"foundation":[117],"Analyses":[124],"spellings":[127],"children":[129],"high":[130],"low":[132],"also":[136],"this":[138],"finding.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
