{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133104019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","title":"Nucleoside Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase","display_name":"Nucleoside Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133104019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","mag":"2133104019","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1568026043388484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107732428","display_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"1568-0266","issn":["1568-0266","1873-4294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100890593","display_name":"Prem Lal Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prem Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035560530","display_name":"Viktoria Nurpeisov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktoria Nurpeisov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070410240","display_name":"Brenda I. Hern\u00e1ndez-Santiago","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenda Hernandez-Santiago","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078336760","display_name":"Thierry Beltran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Beltran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087052821","display_name":"Raymond F. Schinazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-3614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-3614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152539","display_name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04z89xx32","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210131075","https://openalex.org/I4210149289","https://openalex.org/I4210152539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Schinazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical Research 151H, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA,Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical Research 151H, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA,Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210152539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087052821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210152539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93440646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":"895","last_page":"919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-reverse-transcriptase","display_name":"HIV-1 reverse transcriptase","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors","display_name":"nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-toxicity","display_name":"mitochondrial toxicity","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactic-acidosis","display_name":"lactic acidosis","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrophosphorolysis","display_name":"pyrophosphorolysis","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-conferring-mutations","display_name":"resistance-conferring mutations","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156719811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28774","display_name":"Reverse transcriptase","level":4,"score":0.8043601512908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7750840187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909970146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421559","display_name":"Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor","level":5,"score":0.6734702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28734","display_name":"Nucleoside","level":2,"score":0.4942202866077423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4809505343437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4334619641304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33976346254348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3263261914253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.2067476212978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.12047317624092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.08387941122055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.0765882134437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06413757801055908}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009705","descriptor_name":"Nucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009705","descriptor_name":"Nucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009705","descriptor_name":"Nucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054303","descriptor_name":"HIV Reverse Transcriptase","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1568026043388484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026043388484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107732428","display_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","issn_l":"1568-0266","issn":["1568-0266","1873-4294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15134548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1976972347","display_name":"ROLE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE MUTATION IN HIV FITNESS","funder_award_id":"R01AI047726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2696640845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1P30-AI-42847","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8303019769","display_name":"NUCLEOSIDES WITH DUAL ANTI-HIV AND HBV ACTIVITY","funder_award_id":"R37AI041980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W143735323","https://openalex.org/W7098543987","https://openalex.org/W2341775020","https://openalex.org/W2054044810","https://openalex.org/W4243960249","https://openalex.org/W2079704545","https://openalex.org/W4283209759","https://openalex.org/W2769406337","https://openalex.org/W2143910776","https://openalex.org/W2146795191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"development":[1,242],"of":[2,18,40,46,64,87,102,134,150,181,193,243,264,274,283,285,296],"novel":[3],"compounds":[4],"that":[5,113,177,271],"can":[6,59,198],"effectively":[7],"inhibit":[8],"both":[9],"wild":[10],"type":[11,22],"and":[12,78,89,160,215],"the":[13,26,44,99,128,141,147,151,178,191,210,241,262,272,281,294,299],"most":[14,161],"consensus":[15],"resistant":[16],"strains":[17],"human":[19],"immunodeficiency":[20,50],"virus":[21],"1":[23],"(HIV-1)":[24],"is":[25,206,289],"primary":[27],"focus":[28],"in":[29,174,252,280,293],"HIV":[30,65],"disease":[31],"management.":[32],"Combination":[33],"therapy,":[34],"comprising":[35],"at":[36],"least":[37],"three":[38,62],"classes":[39,63],"drugs,":[41],"has":[42,171],"become":[43,172],"standard":[45],"care":[47],"for":[48,91,140,195,261],"acquired":[49],"syndrome":[51],"(AIDS)":[52],"or":[53,104,124,276,298],"HIV-infected":[54],"individuals.":[55],"drug":[57,225],"cocktail":[58],"comprise":[60],"all":[61,95],"inhibitors,":[66],"including":[67],"nucleoside":[68,249],"reverse":[69,74],"transcriptase":[70,75],"inhibitors":[71,76,80],"(NRTI),":[72],"non-nucleoside":[73],"(NNRTI)":[77],"protease":[79],"(PI).":[81],"Due":[82],"to":[83,158,233,239,248],"their":[84,207],"competitive":[85],"mode":[86],"inhibition":[88],"requirement":[90],"metabolic":[92],"activation,":[93],"almost":[94],"NRTI":[96,288],"drugs":[97],"lack":[98],"virological":[100,148],"potency":[101,149],"NNRTI":[103,123],"PI":[105],"drugs.":[106],"However,":[107],"data":[108],"from":[109],"clinical":[110,204],"trials":[111],"indicate":[112],"sustained":[114],"viral":[115],"suppression":[116],"could":[117],"not":[118,155],"be":[119,199],"achieved":[120],"with":[121,209],"NRTI,":[122],"PIs":[125],"alone.":[126],"Therefore,":[127],"NRTIs":[129,183,266],"will":[130],"remain":[131],"essential":[132],"components":[133],"highly":[135],"active":[136],"antiretroviral":[137],"therapy":[138],"(HAART)":[139],"foreseeable":[142],"future,":[143],"because":[144],"they":[145,153,197],"enhance":[146],"regimen,":[152],"do":[154],"bind":[156],"excessively":[157],"protein":[159],"regimens":[162],"are":[163,231,267],"small":[164],"pills/tablets":[165],"given":[166,287],"once":[167],"a":[168,188,286,290],"day.":[169],"It":[170],"apparent":[173],"recent":[175,268],"years":[176],"prolonged":[179],"use":[180,253],"certain":[182],"exhibits":[184],"adverse":[185],"events":[186],"as":[187,221,223,228],"class,":[189],"limiting":[190],"length":[192],"time":[194],"which":[196],"safely":[200],"used.":[201],"Of":[202,258],"major":[203],"concern":[205],"association":[208],"potentially":[211],"fatal":[212],"lactic":[213],"acidaemia":[214],"hepatic":[216],"steatosis.":[217],"These":[218],"class":[219],"events,":[220],"well":[222],"individual":[224],"effects,":[226],"such":[227],"peripheral":[229],"neuropathy,":[230],"linked":[232],"delayed":[234],"mitochondrial":[235],"destruction.":[236],"In":[237],"addition":[238],"toxicity,":[240],"resistance-conferring":[244],"mutations":[245],"against":[246],"exposure":[247],"analogs":[250],"currently":[251],"influences":[254],"long-term":[255],"therapeutic":[256],"benefits.":[257],"critical":[259],"importance":[260],"evaluation":[263],"new":[265],"studies":[269],"showing":[270],"efficiency":[273],"discrimination":[275],"excision":[277],"by":[278],"pyrophosphorolysis":[279],"presence":[282],"nucleotides":[284],"key":[291],"determinant":[292],"emergence":[295],"one":[297],"other":[300],"resistance":[301],"pathway.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}