{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132817620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","title":"HIV-1 gp120-induced TNF-\u03b1 production by primary human macrophages is mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways","display_name":"HIV-1 gp120-induced TNF-\u03b1 production by primary human macrophages is mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132817620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","mag":"2132817620","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16081599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1189/jlb.0105056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199011235","display_name":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology","issn_l":"0741-5400","issn":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011720392","display_name":"ChuHee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-7335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-7335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuhee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090107009","display_name":"Brian E. Tomkowicz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Tomkowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010956002","display_name":"Bruce D. Freedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce D Freedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074582058","display_name":"Ronald G. Collman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-3701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-3701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald G Collman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90824891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"1016","last_page":"1023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11591","display_name":"NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1-gp120","display_name":"HIV-1 gp120","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha-production","display_name":"TNF-alpha production","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase","display_name":"phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitogen-activated-protein-kinase","display_name":"mitogen-activated protein kinase","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk1-2","display_name":"ERK1/2","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p38-mapk","display_name":"p38 MAPK","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ccr5","display_name":"CCR5","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocyte-derived-macrophages","display_name":"monocyte-derived macrophages","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-pathogenesis","display_name":"HIV pathogenesis","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57074206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14197552","display_name":"MAPK/ERK pathway","level":3,"score":0.702505350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6889094114303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5930850505828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778308172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423565","display_name":"Wortmannin","level":4,"score":0.5827139019966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.5410789847373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51551487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043632","display_name":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases","level":4,"score":0.5021214485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13373296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866","display_name":"Chemokine","level":3,"score":0.49277976155281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.48157835006713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776912716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4042503","display_name":"LY294002","level":4,"score":0.4789869785308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.45183712244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.4155998229980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273248","display_name":"Phosphatidylinositol","level":3,"score":0.37947115302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2869817614555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2793559432029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14254561066627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.14015626907348633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077191","descriptor_name":"Wortmannin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081082","descriptor_name":"Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000730","descriptor_name":"Androstadienes","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002070","descriptor_name":"Butadienes","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002867","descriptor_name":"Chromones","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005419","descriptor_name":"Flavonoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009025","descriptor_name":"Morpholines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009570","descriptor_name":"Nitriles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011725","descriptor_name":"Pyridines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015699","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp120","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015699","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp120","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019713","descriptor_name":"Receptors, CCR5","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019869","descriptor_name":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020928","descriptor_name":"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020928","descriptor_name":"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1189/jlb.0105056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0105056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199011235","display_name":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology","issn_l":"0741-5400","issn":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16081599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16081599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of leukocyte biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4797605099","display_name":"Novel Mechanisms of Calcium Signaling in B lymphocytes","funder_award_id":"R01AI060921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887542","display_name":"Penn Center for AIDS Research","funder_award_id":"P30AI045008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306138","display_name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/05ayv2203"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332582","display_name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174262758","https://openalex.org/W1519144004","https://openalex.org/W1522823711","https://openalex.org/W1550214078","https://openalex.org/W1564891311","https://openalex.org/W1575399360","https://openalex.org/W1576582350","https://openalex.org/W1581923386","https://openalex.org/W1589337577","https://openalex.org/W1679721892","https://openalex.org/W1791888878","https://openalex.org/W1948272231","https://openalex.org/W1963844214","https://openalex.org/W1974725456","https://openalex.org/W1975830783","https://openalex.org/W1980334272","https://openalex.org/W1981258449","https://openalex.org/W1987547165","https://openalex.org/W1990985882","https://openalex.org/W1995924099","https://openalex.org/W2000366874","https://openalex.org/W2012803870","https://openalex.org/W2021059521","https://openalex.org/W2022374442","https://openalex.org/W2023991533","https://openalex.org/W2024285818","https://openalex.org/W2024545340","https://openalex.org/W2027337589","https://openalex.org/W2033365840","https://openalex.org/W2036842448","https://openalex.org/W2041981966","https://openalex.org/W2042578530","https://openalex.org/W2044457945","https://openalex.org/W2049659704","https://openalex.org/W2056334753","https://openalex.org/W2056396492","https://openalex.org/W2058431075","https://openalex.org/W2061735639","https://openalex.org/W2062344900","https://openalex.org/W2066347230","https://openalex.org/W2074881372","https://openalex.org/W2077012020","https://openalex.org/W2085464725","https://openalex.org/W2089174726","https://openalex.org/W2099141302","https://openalex.org/W2099787406","https://openalex.org/W2104669000","https://openalex.org/W2122003863","https://openalex.org/W2133271675","https://openalex.org/W2138340454","https://openalex.org/W2138902434","https://openalex.org/W2146453887","https://openalex.org/W2147169218","https://openalex.org/W2151775365","https://openalex.org/W2155675552","https://openalex.org/W2156117117","https://openalex.org/W2156694786","https://openalex.org/W2157245965","https://openalex.org/W2160513036","https://openalex.org/W2418386747","https://openalex.org/W4214692354","https://openalex.org/W4256177308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562398556","https://openalex.org/W7100110826","https://openalex.org/W2901824260","https://openalex.org/W2116384200","https://openalex.org/W2157245965","https://openalex.org/W1969296558","https://openalex.org/W1973738171","https://openalex.org/W2099141302","https://openalex.org/W7100665052","https://openalex.org/W2049874852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"immunodeficiency":[1],"virus":[2],"type":[3],"1":[4],"(HIV-1)":[5],"infection":[6],"is":[7,40,191],"initiated":[8],"by":[9,20,73,136,157,180,222],"binding":[10],"of":[11,36,45,94,108,128,149,195,219,237],"the":[12,57,67,109,126],"viral":[13],"envelope":[14],"glycoprotein":[15],"gp120":[16,34,79,87],"to":[17,42,65,83,89,227],"CD4":[18],"followed":[19],"a":[21,158,229],"chemokine":[22,160,183],"receptor,":[23],"but":[24,56],"these":[25],"interactions":[26],"may":[27,213],"also":[28,134],"take":[29],"place":[30],"independently":[31,205],"from":[32],"infection.":[33],"stimulation":[35],"primary":[37],"human":[38],"macrophages":[39,75,181],"known":[41],"trigger":[43],"production":[44,132,179,218],"cytokines":[46,221],"implicated":[47],"in":[48,169,197,231,234],"pathogenesis,":[49],"particularly":[50],"tumor":[51],"necrosis":[52],"factor":[53],"alpha":[54],"(TNF-alpha),":[55],"mechanisms":[58],"have":[59],"not":[60],"been":[61],"determined.":[62],"We":[63],"sought":[64],"define":[66],"pathways":[68,212],"responsible":[69,215],"for":[70,216],"TNF-alpha":[71,131,178,207],"secretion":[72,127],"monocyte-derived":[74],"(MDM)":[76],"following":[77],"HIV-1":[78],"stimulation.":[80],"MDM":[81],"exposure":[82],"recombinant":[84],"macrophage-tropic":[85],"(R5)":[86],"led":[88],"dose-":[90],"and":[91,99,121,151,186,200,203,233],"donor-dependent":[92],"release":[93],"TNF-alpha,":[95],"which":[96,224],"was":[97,133,155,168],"cyclohexamide-sensitive":[98],"associated":[100],"with":[101,105],"up-regulated":[102],"message.":[103],"Pretreatment":[104],"specific":[106],"inhibitors":[107,140],"mitogen-activated":[110],"protein":[111],"kinases":[112],"(MAPK)":[113],"extracellular":[114],"signal-regulated":[115],"kinase":[116,138],"1/2":[117],"(ERK-1/2;":[118],"PD98059,":[119],"U0126)":[120],"p38":[122,150,202],"(SB202190,":[123],"PD169316)":[124],"inhibited":[125,156],"TNF-alpha.":[129],"gp120-elicited":[130,177],"blocked":[135],"phosphatidylinositol-3":[137],"(PI-3K)":[139],"(wortmannin,":[141],"LY294002).":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"PI-3K":[144,185,190],"inhibition":[145],"ablated":[146],"gp120-induced":[147],"phosphorylation":[148],"ERK-1/2.":[152],"The":[153],"response":[154],"CC":[159],"receptor":[161],"5":[162],"(CCR5)-specific":[163],"antagonist,":[164],"indicating":[165],"that":[166,176,189,201],"CCR5":[167],"large":[170],"part":[171],"responsible.":[172],"These":[173,209],"results":[174],"indicate":[175],"involves":[182],"receptor-mediated":[184],"MAPK":[187,196],"activation,":[188],"an":[192],"upstream":[193],"regulator":[194],"this":[198],"pathway,":[199],"ERK-1/2":[204],"regulate":[206],"production.":[208],"gp120-triggered":[210],"signaling":[211],"be":[214],"inappropriate":[217],"proinflammatory":[220],"macrophages,":[223],"are":[225],"believed":[226],"play":[228],"role":[230],"immunopathogenesis":[232],"neurological":[235],"sequelae":[236],"AIDS.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
