{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132178232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","title":"Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on early Earth","display_name":"Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on early Earth","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132178232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","mag":"2132178232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/ngeo692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48977010","display_name":"Nature Geoscience","issn_l":"1752-0894","issn":["1752-0894","1752-0908"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Geoscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015826963","display_name":"Colin Goldblatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-2642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-2642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin Goldblatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010846881","display_name":"Mark W. Claire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-089X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-089X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark W. Claire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Planetary Laboratory & Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Planetary Laboratory & Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066057430","display_name":"Timothy M. Lenton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6725-7498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6725-7498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy M. Lenton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072847076","display_name":"Adrian J. Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-1168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-1168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian J. Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027372267","display_name":"Andrew James Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-8147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-8147","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-2249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK</br>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011858243","display_name":"Kevin J. Zahnle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-4358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-4358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Zahnle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015826963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I1280536761"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97799408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"12","first_page":"891","last_page":"896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.37130001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.37130001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.3197999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faint-young-sun-paradox","display_name":"faint young Sun paradox","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-earth-climate","display_name":"early Earth climate","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-nitrogen","display_name":"atmospheric nitrogen","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-effect","display_name":"greenhouse effect","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mantle-nitrogen","display_name":"mantle nitrogen","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-co2","display_name":"atmospheric CO2","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-methane","display_name":"atmospheric methane","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326645","display_name":"Early Earth","level":2,"score":0.7042312622070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5744010806083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5661885738372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5623893737792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5439784526824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776698055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232578","display_name":"Crust","level":2,"score":0.4938248097896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.49311015009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67236022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4364434","display_name":"Mantle (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4671366214752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137851953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41560","display_name":"Greenhouse effect","level":4,"score":0.4634738862514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4408620595932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.4325239956378937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3992771804332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.38201895356178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36091017723083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.32278111577033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15695986151695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1465872824192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11364108324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1009664237499237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07786819338798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/ngeo692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48977010","display_name":"Nature Geoscience","issn_l":"1752-0894","issn":["1752-0894","1752-0908"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Geoscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.591.939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.591.939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://envam1.env.uea.ac.uk/goldblattetal2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:20919","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/20919/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7966816531","display_name":"Feedbacks QUEST: Quantifying biogeochemical feedbacks on climate change","funder_award_id":"NE/F001657/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320331","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656600793","https://openalex.org/W1564144063","https://openalex.org/W1579240729","https://openalex.org/W1595502742","https://openalex.org/W1610145251","https://openalex.org/W1631820701","https://openalex.org/W1817088834","https://openalex.org/W1913227808","https://openalex.org/W1965889048","https://openalex.org/W1972312091","https://openalex.org/W1977701399","https://openalex.org/W1978494854","https://openalex.org/W1983193171","https://openalex.org/W1983792334","https://openalex.org/W1985775033","https://openalex.org/W1986601098","https://openalex.org/W1990908326","https://openalex.org/W1991332740","https://openalex.org/W2002152019","https://openalex.org/W2005540684","https://openalex.org/W2006079224","https://openalex.org/W2007438137","https://openalex.org/W2010341850","https://openalex.org/W2014411546","https://openalex.org/W2023754370","https://openalex.org/W2030714377","https://openalex.org/W2035697154","https://openalex.org/W2037777684","https://openalex.org/W2038887223","https://openalex.org/W2040195880","https://openalex.org/W2048945399","https://openalex.org/W2049340605","https://openalex.org/W2072756610","https://openalex.org/W2080513522","https://openalex.org/W2081912358","https://openalex.org/W2084709851","https://openalex.org/W2086560977","https://openalex.org/W2087662765","https://openalex.org/W2091036454","https://openalex.org/W2114843487","https://openalex.org/W2127888210","https://openalex.org/W2142662142","https://openalex.org/W2154982349","https://openalex.org/W2155654615","https://openalex.org/W2165032343","https://openalex.org/W2165768246","https://openalex.org/W2166733904","https://openalex.org/W2174335611","https://openalex.org/W2319600821","https://openalex.org/W2737631611","https://openalex.org/W2963146620","https://openalex.org/W4234573133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098234721","https://openalex.org/W4242074179","https://openalex.org/W2036634735","https://openalex.org/W1985008271","https://openalex.org/W2408461538","https://openalex.org/W7116948049","https://openalex.org/W2080057237","https://openalex.org/W3083248037","https://openalex.org/W2095358324","https://openalex.org/W7135778847"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}