{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132013495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","title":"Urban Particle-Induced Apoptosis and Phenotype Shifts in Human Alveolar Macrophages","display_name":"Urban Particle-Induced Apoptosis and Phenotype Shifts in Human Alveolar Macrophages","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132013495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","mag":"2132013495","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9441960","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1533042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.98106127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.98106127","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105231873","display_name":"Andrij Holian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-4538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-4538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Holian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101867832","display_name":"Raymond F. Hamilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-3616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-3616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R F Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005635366","display_name":"Maria T. Morandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M T Morandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019407143","display_name":"Steven D. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-3898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-3898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S D Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056912043","display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toxicology Program, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":3.4115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92630362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"3","first_page":"127","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-particulate-matter","display_name":"urban particulate matter","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-macrophages","display_name":"alveolar macrophages","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-phenotype","display_name":"macrophage phenotype","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-oil-fly-ash","display_name":"residual oil fly ash","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-necrosis","display_name":"macrophage necrosis","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-inflammation","display_name":"lung inflammation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects-of-air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution health effects","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-activation","display_name":"immune activation","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7352221012115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5703451037406921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.5099278688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.5000247955322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.44778335094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.43557700514793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.4143187999725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.35856205224990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.32952404022216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2866538166999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.22247916460037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14283880591392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014343","descriptor_name":"Trypan Blue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014504","descriptor_name":"Urban Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016676","descriptor_name":"Macrophages, Alveolar","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.98106127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3434313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3434313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3434313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1341221","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1533042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9441960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9441960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental health perspectives","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106127","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.98106127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2395733493","display_name":"APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES BY PM10","funder_award_id":"1r03es008583-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2706627724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES-04804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249054556","display_name":"General Clinical Research Center","funder_award_id":"M01RR002558","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5659517189","display_name":"EFFECTS OF SILICA AND ASBESTOS ON MACROPHAGE FUNCTION","funder_award_id":"R01ES004804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955347586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES-08583","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132013495.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132013495.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655129990","https://openalex.org/W1968140100","https://openalex.org/W1976471504","https://openalex.org/W1987183197","https://openalex.org/W1995433943","https://openalex.org/W1998484752","https://openalex.org/W2010413692","https://openalex.org/W2011962960","https://openalex.org/W2017715368","https://openalex.org/W2021384121","https://openalex.org/W2031018453","https://openalex.org/W2040348966","https://openalex.org/W2059737835","https://openalex.org/W2066769252","https://openalex.org/W2075215508","https://openalex.org/W2076744430","https://openalex.org/W2120794083","https://openalex.org/W2134140400","https://openalex.org/W2146137933","https://openalex.org/W2168932526","https://openalex.org/W2169046198","https://openalex.org/W2244487778","https://openalex.org/W2252078410","https://openalex.org/W2274432633","https://openalex.org/W2318698569","https://openalex.org/W2412682995","https://openalex.org/W2419588538","https://openalex.org/W4234801656","https://openalex.org/W4235748859","https://openalex.org/W4252414328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095884883","https://openalex.org/W2031018453","https://openalex.org/W2003005023","https://openalex.org/W1968607063","https://openalex.org/W2041999489","https://openalex.org/W1975113677","https://openalex.org/W3096303864","https://openalex.org/W2149634253","https://openalex.org/W2080049917","https://openalex.org/W2047316036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epidemiological":[0],"studies":[1],"report":[2],"a":[3,34,71,77,85,257],"small":[4,16],"but":[5,204],"positive":[6],"association":[7],"between":[8],"short-term":[9],"increases":[10,17],"in":[11,18,27,271,276],"airborne":[12],"particulate":[13],"matter":[14],"and":[15,20,24,41,70,105,112,126,135,149,178,189,215,240,249,279,283],"morbidity":[19],"mortality":[21],"from":[22],"respiratory":[23],"cardiovascular":[25,284],"disease":[26],"urban":[28,61,102,169,241],"areas.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,50,58,224,227,235,251],"lack":[32],"of":[33,66,73,198,226,246,253],"mechanistic":[35],"explanation":[36],"to":[37,48,76,87,144],"link":[38],"particle":[39],"exposure":[40],"human":[42,51,67,94,247],"health":[43,52],"effects":[44],"makes":[45],"it":[46],"difficult":[47],"validate":[49],"effects.":[53],"The":[54],"present":[55],"study":[56],"tested":[57],"hypothesis":[59],"that":[60],"particles":[62,103,158,170,190,218,242,267],"could":[63,274],"cause":[64,268],"apoptosis":[65,127,197,245],"alveolar":[68],"macrophages(AM)":[69],"shift":[72],"their":[74],"phenotypes":[75,153,255],"higher":[78,258],"immune":[79,259],"active":[80,260],"state,":[81],"which":[82],"would":[83],"provide":[84],"mechanism":[86],"explain":[88],"an":[89],"inflammatory":[90],"response.":[91],"Freshly":[92],"isolated":[93],"AM":[95,140,160,199,229,248,254],"were":[96,141],"incubated":[97],"for":[98],"24":[99],"hr":[100],"with":[101],"(#1648":[104],"#1649),":[106],"Mount":[107],"Saint":[108],"Helen's":[109],"ash":[110,116],"(MSH),":[111],"residual":[113],"oil":[114],"fly":[115],"(ROFA).":[117],"Cell":[118],"viability":[119],"was":[120,128],"assessed":[121],"by":[122,130,154,200],"trypan":[123],"blue":[124],"exclusion":[125],"demonstrated":[129],"morphology,":[131],"cell":[132],"death":[133],"ELISA,":[134],"DNA":[136],"ladder":[137],"formation.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"characterized":[142],"according":[143],"RFD1(+)":[145,228],"(immune":[146],"stimulatory":[147],"macrophages)":[148,152],"RFD1(+)7(+)":[150,236],"(suppressor":[151],"flow":[155],"cytometry.":[156],"ROFA":[157,186,214,233,239],"caused":[159,196],"necrosis":[161],"at":[162,175,183],"concentrations":[163],"as":[164,166],"low":[165],"10":[167],"microg/ml,":[168,177],"had":[171,180,208],"no":[172,181,209],"effect":[173,182],"except":[174],"200":[176,184,205],"MSH":[179,207],"microg/ml.":[185],"(25":[187],"microg/ml)":[188,195],"#1648":[191,219],"or":[192,220],"#1649":[193,221],"(100":[194],"all":[201],"three":[202],"criteria,":[203],"microg/ml":[206,213,217],"effect.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"25":[212],"100":[216],"up":[222],"regulated":[223],"expression":[225],"phenotype,":[230],"while":[231],"only":[232],"decreased":[234],"phenotype.":[237],"Consequently,":[238],"can":[243],"induce":[244],"increase":[250],"ratio":[252],"toward":[256],"state":[261],"(i.e.,":[262],"increased":[263,281],"RFD1(+):RFD1(+)7(+)":[264],"ratio).":[265],"Ifurban":[266],"similar":[269],"changes":[270],"vivo,":[272],"this":[273],"result":[275],"lung":[277],"inflammation":[278],"possible":[280],"pulmonary":[282],"disease.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}