{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132006929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","title":"Teaching an individual with severe intellectual delay to request assistance conditionally","display_name":"Teaching an individual with severe intellectual delay to request assistance conditionally","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132006929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","mag":"2132006929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144341042000301201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43525819","display_name":"Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0144-3410","issn":["0144-3410","1469-5820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041074479","display_name":"Joe E. Reichle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joe Reichle","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025001883","display_name":"Jennifer J. McComas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-7079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-7079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer McComas","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","University Of Minnesota , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Minnesota , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069912722","display_name":"Norm Dahl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norm Dahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","University Of Minnesota , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  University of Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Minnesota , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063677271","display_name":"Gina Solberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gina Solberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sarah Pierce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101732733","display_name":"David I. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-7342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-7342"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  Alternatives for Persons with Autism ,  Minnesota ,  USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alternatives for Persons with Autism , Minnesota , USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041074479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89757146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2-3","first_page":"275","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-intellectual-disability","display_name":"severe intellectual disability","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-symbols","display_name":"graphic symbols","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmentative-and-alternative-communication","display_name":"augmentative and alternative communication","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.8022555708885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6505394577980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5620546340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4815788269042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4672778844833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43306130170822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3681201636791229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3480272889137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144341042000301201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000301201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43525819","display_name":"Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0144-3410","issn":["0144-3410","1469-5820"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99297782","https://openalex.org/W242403427","https://openalex.org/W1782262612","https://openalex.org/W1967953323","https://openalex.org/W2042089635","https://openalex.org/W2072060049","https://openalex.org/W2076458684","https://openalex.org/W2088176508","https://openalex.org/W2121192877","https://openalex.org/W2121633263","https://openalex.org/W2145111636","https://openalex.org/W2148342701","https://openalex.org/W2159516531","https://openalex.org/W2164007003","https://openalex.org/W4238417653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970907185","https://openalex.org/W2345961694","https://openalex.org/W2105565668","https://openalex.org/W3173613084","https://openalex.org/W7098074793","https://openalex.org/W2759718512","https://openalex.org/W2022711784","https://openalex.org/W2133711727","https://openalex.org/W2036685454","https://openalex.org/W2090079348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,144],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,14,36,63,66,76,102,117,146,161,167,170],"this":[3,178],"study":[4],"was":[5,39,70,97,136,142,151],"to":[6,10,41,46,50,72,157],"evaluate":[7,73],"intervention":[8],"procedures":[9],"teach":[11],"conditional":[12],"use":[13,42,160],"a":[15,34,43,54],"communicative":[16],"request":[17,47],"for":[18,90,104,119,163,177],"assistance":[19,48,79,91,120,141],"and":[20,29,49,80,92],"independent":[21,83,93,111,132,149],"task":[22,69,84,94,133],"performance.":[23],"A":[24,58,123,165],"40\u2010year\u2010old":[25],"man":[26],"with":[27,33,99,130],"autism":[28],"severe":[30],"mental":[31],"retardation":[32],"history":[35],"escape\u2010related":[37],"problems":[38],"taught":[40],"graphic":[44],"symbol":[45],"engage":[51],"independently":[52],"in":[53,112],"vocational":[55],"assembly":[56,68],"task.":[57],"multiple\u2010probe":[59],"design":[60],"across":[61],"each":[62],"three":[64],"components":[65],"the":[67,74,107,114,128,147,154,175],"executed":[71],"effect":[75],"teaching":[77],"requesting":[78],"followed":[81],"by":[82],"completion.":[85,95],"Dependent":[86],"measures":[87],"included":[88],"requests":[89,103,118,162],"Intervention":[96],"associated":[98],"initial":[100],"acquisition":[101],"assistance.":[105,164],"As":[106],"participant":[108,155],"became":[109],"increasingly":[110],"completing":[113],"task,":[115],"production":[116],"correspondingly":[121],"diminished.":[122],"post\u2010hoc":[124],"analysis":[125],"revealed":[126],"that":[127],"speed":[129],"which":[131],"completion":[134],"occurred":[135],"substantially":[137],"faster":[138],"than":[139],"when":[140],"required.":[143],"implementation":[145],"two":[148],"variables":[150],"successful":[152],"as":[153,174],"learned":[156],"moderate":[158],"his":[159],"discussion":[166],"competing":[168],"schedules":[169],"reinforcement":[171],"is":[172],"offered":[173],"explanation":[176],"outcome.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}