{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132002340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","title":"Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models","display_name":"Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132002340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","mag":"2132002340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","pdf_url":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/9/9001/2009/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162708223","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","issn_l":"1680-7316","issn":["1680-7316","1680-7324"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/9/9001/2009/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110702241","display_name":"Dorothy M. Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-6273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-6273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052244847","display_name":"Michael Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-4158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-4158","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-2697","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-0280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124937","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsd0g48","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210124937","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013559764","display_name":"Stefan Kinne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163131","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology","ror":"https://ror.org/05esem239","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210163131"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kinne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111420194","display_name":"Cameron S. McNaughton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. McNaughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074556274","display_name":"J. Ryan Spackman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Spackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011809404","display_name":"Yves J. Balkanski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-2858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-2858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124937","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsd0g48","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210124937","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Balkanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017366139","display_name":"Susanne E. Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-8690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-8690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086592897","display_name":"Terje Koren Berntsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-5930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-5930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Berntsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012352345","display_name":"Tami C. Bond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-8928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-8928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. C. Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077051671","display_name":"Olivi\u00e9r Boucher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-5769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-5769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Boucher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048149246","display_name":"Mian Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-8115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-8115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049745267","display_name":"Antony D. Clarke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072888367","display_name":"Natalia De Luca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. De Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046528783","display_name":"Frank J. Dentener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7556-3076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7556-3076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Dentener","raw_affiliation_strings":["EC, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EC, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111474391","display_name":"Thomas Diehl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Diehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033551997","display_name":"\u041eleg Dubovik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-6460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-6460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Dubovik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091599490","display_name":"R. C. Easter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-1464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-1464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Easter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065398138","display_name":"David W. Fahey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-0634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-0634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. W. Fahey","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032734484","display_name":"J. Feichter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163131","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology","ror":"https://ror.org/05esem239","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210163131"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Feichter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071792691","display_name":"David Fillmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Fillmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027233915","display_name":"Steffen Freitag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-5576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-5576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Freitag","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063882902","display_name":"Steven J. Ghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-8699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-8699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084549469","display_name":"Paul A. Ginoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-2988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-2988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Ginoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041218225","display_name":"Sunling Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-0859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-0859"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARQM Meteorological Service Canada, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARQM Meteorological Service Canada, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070763110","display_name":"Larry W. Horowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-3314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-3314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018755043","display_name":"Trond Iversen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-2979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-2979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Iversen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway","University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040789859","display_name":"A. Kirkev amp aring g","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kirkev&amp;aring;g","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010145796","display_name":"Zbigniew Klimont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-198X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-198X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317774081","display_name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02wfhk785","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Klimont","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003987428","display_name":"Yutaka Kondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-3861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-3861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Kondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044992727","display_name":"Maarten Krol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-2477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-2477","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-3692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Krol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063022663","display_name":"Xiaohong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-5955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-5955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088682985","display_name":"Rose Marie Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-1467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050193097","display_name":"V. Montanaro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Montanaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036224099","display_name":"Nobuhiro Moteki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-6690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-6690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Moteki","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039238473","display_name":"Gunnar Myhre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-476X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-476X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108282","display_name":"CICERO Center for International Climate Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw5dy53","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108282"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Myhre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for International Climate and Environmental Research \u2013 Oslo (CICERO) Oslo, Norway","University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for International Climate and Environmental Research \u2013 Oslo (CICERO) Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051141718","display_name":"Joyce E. Penner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-452X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-452X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Penner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030977956","display_name":"Ja. Perlwitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Perlwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062945604","display_name":"Giovanni Pitari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-9578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-9578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Pitari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109480148","display_name":"M. Shekar Reddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-7557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-7557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008911642","display_name":"Lokesh Kumar Sahu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-0546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-0546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. Sakamoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Sakamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082612421","display_name":"G. L. Schuster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028309809","display_name":"Jaroslav Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-5928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-5928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039808142","display_name":"\u00d8yvind Seland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-5879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-5879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d8. Seland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087616218","display_name":"Philip Stier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-0128","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-076X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Stier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046558730","display_name":"N. Takegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-8950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-8950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Takegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017098610","display_name":"Toshihiko Takemura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-6067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-6067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Takemura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081078693","display_name":"C. Textor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124937","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsd0g48","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210124937","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Textor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023223743","display_name":"J. A. van Aardenne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["BE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. van Aardenne","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062298212","display_name":"Y. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0904-2630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0904-2630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California \u2013 Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California \u2013 Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":10,"institutions_distinct_count":29,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"fwci":22.4573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":586,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99767466,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"22","first_page":"9001","last_page":"9026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-carbon","display_name":"black carbon","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-aerosol-model","display_name":"global aerosol model","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-data-comparison","display_name":"model-data comparison","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-absorption-optical-depth","display_name":"aerosol absorption optical depth","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-measurements","display_name":"airborne measurements","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-burning","display_name":"biomass burning","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-haze","display_name":"Arctic haze","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-bias","display_name":"model bias","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-diversity","display_name":"model diversity","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-dispersion","display_name":"vertical dispersion","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scavenging","display_name":"scavenging","score":0.7770000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.800693690776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777634575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291476","display_name":"AERONET","level":3,"score":0.7236179709434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6876910328865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6369211673736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.6175720691680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643546","display_name":"Haze","level":2,"score":0.48731479048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779118152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1863449","display_name":"Ozone Monitoring Instrument","level":3,"score":0.45642325282096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.45210856199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44038986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245","display_name":"Carbon black","level":3,"score":0.41059979796409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.40738704800605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37465351819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.11216425895690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09745872020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08247074484825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","pdf_url":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/9/9001/2009/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162708223","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","issn_l":"1680-7316","issn":["1680-7316","1680-7324"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5194/acpd-9-15769-2009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-15769-2009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-15769-2009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.iiasa.ac.at:8805","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8805/1/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","pdf_url":"http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8805/1/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401423","display_name":"IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1317774081","host_organization_name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/389695","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/evaluation-of-black-carbon-estimations-in-global-aerosol-models","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1680-7316","raw_type":"Article/Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02870410v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02870410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009, 9 (22), pp.9001-9026. &#x27E8;10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17bc0eeb8f3e4c1fa2f667b49f101424","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17bc0eeb8f3e4c1fa2f667b49f101424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 9, Iss 22, Pp 9001-9026 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:433505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/433505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v.9, 9001-9026 (2009)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:994055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0011-F8D3-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088280","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC53562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC53562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles in Journals"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_994055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0011-F8D3-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.univaq.it:11697/3015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11697/3015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055225","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell Aquila","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:wur:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/389695","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/evaluation-of-black-carbon-estimations-in-global-aerosol-models","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(22), 9001 - 9026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009","pdf_url":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/9/9001/2009/acp-9-9001-2009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162708223","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","issn_l":"1680-7316","issn":["1680-7316","1680-7324"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1143625328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC06- 76RLO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1258918536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC06-76RLO1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3163398284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC06-76RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G326497735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0676RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G359586391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"76RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G405563145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC 06-76RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","funder_display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5386676540","display_name":"MULTISCALE MODELING OF AEROSOL IMPACTS ON CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATIONAEROSOLS INFLUENCE CLOUDS ACROSS A","funder_award_id":"NNX07AI56G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6496241444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7269881523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC0676RLO1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850182582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC06-76RLO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G953890220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC06-76RLO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","funder_display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G957704233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010AC06\u201076RLO 1830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332378","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132002340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132002340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137541409","https://openalex.org/W149769644","https://openalex.org/W1522177459","https://openalex.org/W1560749659","https://openalex.org/W1952525616","https://openalex.org/W1964761264","https://openalex.org/W1965473538","https://openalex.org/W1966236883","https://openalex.org/W1967584785","https://openalex.org/W1971098295","https://openalex.org/W1975721051","https://openalex.org/W1977246492","https://openalex.org/W1978939574","https://openalex.org/W1980560428","https://openalex.org/W1981247149","https://openalex.org/W1981855560","https://openalex.org/W1985128151","https://openalex.org/W1991240491","https://openalex.org/W1993138195","https://openalex.org/W1997573841","https://openalex.org/W1998592276","https://openalex.org/W2000090475","https://openalex.org/W2001012574","https://openalex.org/W2003636035","https://openalex.org/W2004857908","https://openalex.org/W2005953962","https://openalex.org/W2006237729","https://openalex.org/W2007798920","https://openalex.org/W2009279813","https://openalex.org/W2018482968","https://openalex.org/W2019388055","https://openalex.org/W2019487921","https://openalex.org/W2021929437","https://openalex.org/W2025151763","https://openalex.org/W2026317156","https://openalex.org/W2026918789","https://openalex.org/W2027537661","https://openalex.org/W2028999185","https://openalex.org/W2033584544","https://openalex.org/W2036020873","https://openalex.org/W2038727633","https://openalex.org/W2039105600","https://openalex.org/W2040620579","https://openalex.org/W2042112467","https://openalex.org/W2042117130","https://openalex.org/W2044499383","https://openalex.org/W2044856650","https://openalex.org/W2045465689","https://openalex.org/W2047698856","https://openalex.org/W2054812226","https://openalex.org/W2055212553","https://openalex.org/W2055902907","https://openalex.org/W2056304291","https://openalex.org/W2056727057","https://openalex.org/W2057353349","https://openalex.org/W2059584473","https://openalex.org/W2060576432","https://openalex.org/W2061652129","https://openalex.org/W2063376377","https://openalex.org/W2064999688","https://openalex.org/W2065278050","https://openalex.org/W2066626436","https://openalex.org/W2067278628","https://openalex.org/W2068029368","https://openalex.org/W2069441347","https://openalex.org/W2073017349","https://openalex.org/W2073401792","https://openalex.org/W2075350508","https://openalex.org/W2076782258","https://openalex.org/W2078517784","https://openalex.org/W2078592413","https://openalex.org/W2080329037","https://openalex.org/W2084281396","https://openalex.org/W2085329994","https://openalex.org/W2085543204","https://openalex.org/W2085849605","https://openalex.org/W2086820438","https://openalex.org/W2086888682","https://openalex.org/W2089433206","https://openalex.org/W2092222764","https://openalex.org/W2092254498","https://openalex.org/W2098010200","https://openalex.org/W2098065248","https://openalex.org/W2098964970","https://openalex.org/W2099964454","https://openalex.org/W2102134204","https://openalex.org/W2102912496","https://openalex.org/W2104008307","https://openalex.org/W2106063030","https://openalex.org/W2106136566","https://openalex.org/W2106501999","https://openalex.org/W2106877731","https://openalex.org/W2108714619","https://openalex.org/W2113594490","https://openalex.org/W2117625150","https://openalex.org/W2118184331","https://openalex.org/W2121102864","https://openalex.org/W2121757798","https://openalex.org/W2123293242","https://openalex.org/W2124958800","https://openalex.org/W2125855972","https://openalex.org/W2129806068","https://openalex.org/W2132436820","https://openalex.org/W2133544629","https://openalex.org/W2136408596","https://openalex.org/W2137169911","https://openalex.org/W2139836399","https://openalex.org/W2140465081","https://openalex.org/W2142212311","https://openalex.org/W2148651398","https://openalex.org/W2153947102","https://openalex.org/W2156534742","https://openalex.org/W2157155949","https://openalex.org/W2158288594","https://openalex.org/W2162214076","https://openalex.org/W2162953324","https://openalex.org/W2164231461","https://openalex.org/W2167929905","https://openalex.org/W2170547250","https://openalex.org/W2170783614","https://openalex.org/W2172612422","https://openalex.org/W2212118466","https://openalex.org/W3025376162","https://openalex.org/W4256344903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2270326623","https://openalex.org/W2135488755","https://openalex.org/W2142743382","https://openalex.org/W2133082921","https://openalex.org/W3126996070","https://openalex.org/W3089813458","https://openalex.org/W2074111307","https://openalex.org/W2133892143","https://openalex.org/W7097111751","https://openalex.org/W2058973989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"We":[1],"evaluate":[2],"black":[3],"carbon":[4],"(BC)":[5],"model":[6,11,21,25,93,123,152,181,207,251,263,288,294],"predictions":[7,26,295],"from":[8,45,313],"the":[9,16,83,121,142,150,165,171,179,191,196,258,270,297,301,314],"AeroCom":[10,262,305],"intercomparison":[12],"project":[13],"by":[14,275,300],"considering":[15],"diversity":[17,264],"among":[18],"year":[19],"2000":[20],"simulations":[22],"and":[23,36,47,52,104,131,148,161,188,198,215,231,240,269,328],"comparing":[24],"with":[27,76,138,202,250],"available":[28],"measurements.":[29,73,118],"These":[30],"model-measurement":[31,259],"intercomparisons":[32],"include":[33],"BC":[34,53,80,134,167,184,193,218,229,244,311,332],"surface":[35,71,116,135,214],"aircraft":[37,139,183,315],"concentrations,":[38],"aerosol":[39],"absorption":[40,230],"optical":[41,241,283],"depth":[42],"(AAOD)":[43],"retrievals":[44],"AERONET":[46],"Ozone":[48],"Monitoring":[49],"Instrument":[50],"(OMI)":[51],"column":[54],"estimations":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57],"AERONET.":[58],"In":[59,119],"regions":[60,114,273],"other":[61],"than":[62,99,159,296],"Asia,":[63],"most":[64,162,225],"models":[65,84,163,189,226],"are":[66,85,227,317],"biased":[67,87],"high":[68],"compared":[69,75],"to":[70,94,124,173,182,257,319,325],"concentration":[72,117],"However":[74],"(column)":[77],"AAOD":[78,96,130,210],"or":[79,282],"burden":[81],"retreivals,":[82],"generally":[86],"low.":[88],"The":[89],"average":[90,122,151,180],"ratio":[91,126,185],"of":[92,112,156,213,243,304,310,331],"retrieved":[95],"is":[97,127,153,186],"less":[98],"0.7":[100,128],"in":[101,106,170,195,266,293,333],"South":[102],"American":[103],"0.6":[105],"African":[107],"biomass":[108],"burning":[109],"regions;":[110],"both":[111],"these":[113],"lack":[115],"Asia":[120],"observed":[125,192],"for":[129,133,209,235],"0.5":[132],"concentrations.":[136],"Compared":[137],"measurements":[140,316],"over":[141],"Americas":[143],"at":[144,220],"latitudes":[145,178,222],"between":[146],"0":[147],"50N,":[149],"a":[154,286,290,321],"factor":[155],"8":[157],"larger":[158],"observed,":[160],"exceed":[164],"measured":[166],"standard":[168],"deviation":[169],"mid":[172],"upper":[174,216],"troposphere.":[175],"At":[176],"higher":[177],"0.4":[187],"underestimate":[190],"loading":[194],"lower":[197,221],"middle":[199],"troposphere":[200],"associated":[201],"springtime":[203],"Arctic":[204],"haze.":[205],"Low":[206],"bias":[208],"but":[211],"overestimation":[212],"atmospheric":[217],"concentrations":[219,309],"suggests":[223],"that":[224],"underestimating":[228],"should":[232],"improve":[233],"estimates":[234],"refractive":[236],"index,":[237],"particle":[238],"size,":[239],"effects":[242],"coating.":[245],"Retrieval":[246],"uncertainties":[247],"and/or":[248],"differences":[249],"diagnostic":[252],"treatment":[253],"may":[254],"also":[255],"contribute":[256],"disparity.":[260],"Largest":[261],"occurred":[265],"northern":[267],"Eurasia":[268],"remote":[271],"Arctic,":[272],"influenced":[274],"anthropogenic":[276],"sources.":[277],"Changing":[278],"emissions,":[279],"aging,":[280],"removal,":[281],"properties":[284],"within":[285],"single":[287],"generated":[289],"smaller":[291],"change":[292],"range":[298],"represented":[299],"full":[302],"set":[303],"models.":[306,335],"Upper":[307],"tropospheric":[308],"mass":[312],"suggested":[318],"provide":[320],"unique":[322],"new":[323],"benchmark":[324],"test":[326],"scavenging":[327],"vertical":[329],"dispersion":[330],"global":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":49}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
