{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131574414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","title":"Which Sounds Change: Descent and Borrowing in the Skou Family","display_name":"Which Sounds Change: Descent and Borrowing in the Skou Family","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131574414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","mag":"2131574414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069158338","display_name":"Mark Donohue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-3852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-3852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Donohue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069158338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97560271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-change","display_name":"sound change","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-contact","display_name":"language contact","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borrowing","display_name":"borrowing","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoglosses","display_name":"isoglosses","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-analysis","display_name":"comparative analysis","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-relationships","display_name":"genetic relatedness","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-families","display_name":"language families","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-guinea-languages","display_name":"New Guinea languages","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-phonology","display_name":"comparative phonology","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-model","display_name":"wave model","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-chronology","display_name":"relative chronology","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779879116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754984","display_name":"Sound change","level":2,"score":0.6732890009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.613725483417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49800682067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110446960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762316","display_name":"Foley","level":2,"score":0.4973140060901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4064788520336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3623332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3623332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3623332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/25441","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/25441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158840882","https://openalex.org/W419733529","https://openalex.org/W432297906","https://openalex.org/W567535902","https://openalex.org/W579343377","https://openalex.org/W584202130","https://openalex.org/W584870376","https://openalex.org/W590638972","https://openalex.org/W600716078","https://openalex.org/W601246939","https://openalex.org/W842654155","https://openalex.org/W1488604328","https://openalex.org/W1492970375","https://openalex.org/W1506467626","https://openalex.org/W1517982481","https://openalex.org/W1548897340","https://openalex.org/W1558342459","https://openalex.org/W1590005389","https://openalex.org/W1590441455","https://openalex.org/W1971329494","https://openalex.org/W1973824676","https://openalex.org/W1974731416","https://openalex.org/W1990142977","https://openalex.org/W1993973549","https://openalex.org/W2011082372","https://openalex.org/W2013583388","https://openalex.org/W2035072255","https://openalex.org/W2042780402","https://openalex.org/W2046415647","https://openalex.org/W2046421847","https://openalex.org/W2049143777","https://openalex.org/W2060717313","https://openalex.org/W2069934353","https://openalex.org/W2077903021","https://openalex.org/W2117615882","https://openalex.org/W2220873382","https://openalex.org/W2230626800","https://openalex.org/W2315273811","https://openalex.org/W2318270258","https://openalex.org/W2323658719","https://openalex.org/W2327197757","https://openalex.org/W2329018362","https://openalex.org/W2329400617","https://openalex.org/W2487777440","https://openalex.org/W2490051666","https://openalex.org/W2494139733","https://openalex.org/W2797704648","https://openalex.org/W2828573575","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057515032","https://openalex.org/W4251988252","https://openalex.org/W4399181552","https://openalex.org/W2185756938","https://openalex.org/W2619118999","https://openalex.org/W4238887241","https://openalex.org/W7114787930","https://openalex.org/W1542819857","https://openalex.org/W2492466664","https://openalex.org/W2519933136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Which":[0],"Sounds":[1],"Change:Descent":[2],"and":[3,64,74,121,133,146,156,249,253,304,327,342,358,478,541,572,584,658],"Borrowing":[4,49],"in":[5,18,55,114,150,172,216,246,276,284,301,312,336,350,365,384,507,525,576,600,604,620,649],"the":[6,19,27,79,115,173,176,208,213,238,241,278,286,345,351,354,366,419,425,448,469,497,508,535,538,542,547,608,611,632,640,645,650,659,662,678],"Skou":[7,116,242,657,668],"Family1":[8],"Mark":[9],"Donohue":[10],"Abstract":[11],"The":[12,579,666],"process":[13],"of":[14,21,111,118,124,127,154,169,175,179,211,234,240,288,308,321,347,415,421,534,537,544,549,597,635,661],"establishing":[15],"genetic":[16,293],"relationships":[17],"endeavor":[20],"historical":[22,148,163,337,466],"linguistics":[23],"is":[24,53,62,68,106,275,331,395,403,442,482,670],"complicated":[25,272],"by":[26,41,225,434,440,530],"fact":[28,277,385],"that":[29,94,192,222,295,378,405,485,500,610,654],"some,":[30],"if":[31],"not":[32,95,332,383,443],"most,":[33],"languages":[34,117,170,239,580,592,613,660],"show":[35,93,255,627],"no":[36,605],"inclination":[37],"to":[38,102,141,184,206,268,410,423,488,676],"\"behave":[39],"themselves\"":[40],"reflecting":[42],"only":[43],"material":[44],"inherited":[45],"from":[46,130,198,551,644],"their":[47],"protolanguage.":[48],"at":[50],"many":[51,56],"levels":[52],"rife":[54],"languages,":[57,237,528,559],"particularly":[58],"when":[59,65],"geographic":[60],"separation":[61],"slight,":[63],"social":[66],"contact":[67,491],"frequent.":[69],"When":[70],"both":[71],"language-internal":[72],"change":[73,76],"language-external":[75],"happen":[77],"during":[78],"same":[80],"time":[81],"frame,":[82],"sorting":[83,548],"out":[84,143,639],"relations":[85,149],"can":[86,138,607],"be":[87,266,411,616],"complicated.":[88],"In":[89,182,445,623],"this":[90,264,281,313,621,624],"article":[91,161,282],"I":[92,626],"all":[96,505,601],"sounds":[97],"behave":[98],"equally":[99],"with":[100,135,292,413,447,492],"respect":[101],"areal":[103],"spread.":[104],"This":[105,160,274],"presented":[107],"through":[108,631],"a":[109,122,166,190,199,217,247,256,270,306,319,333,397,473,483,522,531,562,595,671],"study":[110,233],"sound":[112],"changes":[113,643],"New":[119,180,200,218,302,453,464,480],"Guinea,":[120,303],"survey":[123],"other":[125],"reports":[126],"diffusing":[128],"behavior":[129],"elsewhere.":[131],"Recognizing":[132],"working":[134],"these":[136,379,416],"differences":[137],"allow":[139],"us":[140],"sort":[142,424,638],"relative":[144],"chronologies":[145],"thus":[147,647],"even":[151,197],"complex":[152],"scenarios":[153],"borrowing":[155],"change.":[157],"1.":[158],"Introduction.":[159],"presents":[162,455],"argumentation":[164],"for":[165,189,310,432,438,458,503,588,674],"small":[167,248,511,571,577],"family":[168,191,243,669],"spoken":[171,245,575],"center":[174],"north":[177],"coast":[178],"Guinea.":[181],"addition":[183],"presenting":[185],"some":[186],"primary":[187],"data":[188,426],"has":[193,343,376,519,553],"previously":[194],"been":[195,344,554,586],"under-described,":[196],"Guinea":[201,219,454,465,481],"perspective,":[202],"it":[203],"also":[204],"attempts":[205],"highlight":[207],"methodological":[209],"issues":[210,221,470],"using":[212],"comparative":[214,539],"method":[215,540],"context,":[220],"were":[223,363],"raised":[224],"Foley":[226,515],"(1986)":[227],"(see":[228],"1.1).":[229],"Unlike":[230],"Foley's":[231,262],"case":[232],"Lower":[235],"Sepik":[236],"are":[244,382,407,510,570,573,581],"geographically":[250],"accessible":[251],"region,":[252],"so":[254,587,603],"lot":[257],"more":[258,271,449,489,493,564],"cross-influence":[259,599],"than":[260,496],"do":[261],"group;":[263],"could":[265],"expected":[267],"represent":[269],"picture.":[273],"case.":[279],"Accordingly,":[280],"shows":[283],"practice":[285],"tangle":[287],"dialect-like":[289],"diffusion":[290,326],"mixed":[291],"inheritance":[294,330],"characterizes":[296],"most":[297,526],"contiguous":[298],"language":[299,568],"families":[300,569],"establishes":[305],"set":[307,320,431],"principles":[309],"operating":[311],"jungle.":[314],"1.1":[315],"Theoretical":[316],"Goals.":[317],"Sorting":[318],"isoglosses":[322],"into":[323,427],"those":[324,328],"representing":[325,329],"new":[334],"issue":[335],"linguistics,":[338,467],"[End":[339],"Page":[340],"171]":[341],"subject":[346],"much":[348,374,563],"discussion":[349],"literature":[352],"since":[353],"Family":[355],"tree":[356],"(Stammbaum)":[357],"Wave":[359],"model":[360],"(Wellentheorie)":[361],"models":[362,381],"proposed":[364],"nineteenth":[367],"century":[368],"(Schleicher":[369],"1860,":[370],"Schmidt":[371],"1872).":[372],"While":[373],"work":[375],"shown":[377],"two":[380],"mutually":[386],"exclusive":[387],"(e.g.,":[388],"Labov":[389],"1981,":[390],"Ross":[391],"1988,":[392],"1997a),":[393],"there":[394,406],"still":[396],"gulf":[398],"between":[399],"them":[400],"conceptually.":[401],"It":[402],"clear":[404],"procedural":[408],"gains":[409],"had":[412],"either":[414],"models,":[417],"but":[418,529],"question":[420],"how":[422,628],"different":[428],"sets,":[429],"one":[430,437,651],"analysis":[433,439],"cladistic":[435,459],"techniques,":[436],"diffusion,":[441],"clear.":[444],"common":[446],"familiar":[450],"European":[451,527],"situation,":[452],"similar":[456],"challenges":[457],"or":[460],"diffusional":[461],"analysis.":[462],"With":[463,557],"however,":[468],"occur":[471],"on":[472,521],"greater":[474],"scale.":[475,512],"Both":[476],"socially":[477],"geographically,":[479],"milieu":[484],"lends":[486],"itself":[487],"intense":[490],"diverse":[494],"neighbors":[495],"large":[498],"nation-states":[499],"characterize":[501],"Europe,":[502],"almost":[504],"societies":[506],"region":[509],"To":[513],"quote":[514],"(1986:208,":[516],"209):":[517],"\"Borrowing":[518],"occurred":[520],"massive":[523],"scale":[524],"judicious":[532],"blend":[533],"use":[536,634],"sifting":[543],"written":[545],"documents,":[546],"cognates":[550],"borrowings":[552],"largely":[555],"accomplished.":[556],"Papuan":[558,567,591],"we":[560,629],"face":[561],"daunting":[565],"assignment.":[566],"generally":[574],"areas.":[578],"usually":[582],"contiguous,":[583],"have":[585],"millennia.":[589],"...":[590],"normally":[593],"exhibit":[594],"pattern":[596],"enormous":[598],"areas;":[602],"sense":[606],"assumption":[609],"daughter":[612],"develop":[614],"independently":[615],"taken":[617],"as":[618],"viable":[619],"context.\"":[622],"article,":[625],"can,":[630],"careful":[633],"existing":[636],"methodologies,":[637],"inherited,":[641],"taxon-defining":[642],"diffusing\u2014and":[646],"network-defining\u2014changes":[648],"family,":[652],"namely,":[653],"which":[655],"contains":[656],"West":[663],"Vanimo":[664],"coast.":[665],"smaller":[667],"convenient":[672],"point":[673],"starting":[675],"examine":[677],"competing":[679],"roles":[680],"of...":[681]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
