{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130389986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","title":"Hemoglobin research and the origins of molecular medicine","display_name":"Hemoglobin research and the origins of molecular medicine","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130389986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","mag":"2130389986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18988877","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","pdf_url":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/112/10/3927/1481997/zh802208003927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/112/10/3927/1481997/zh802208003927.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047048178","display_name":"Alan N. Schechter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-6452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-6452","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-9408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090567","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan N. Schechter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047048178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6974,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":379,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86313466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"10","first_page":"3927","last_page":"3938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":0.7773000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12094","display_name":"Hemoglobin structure and function","score":0.19189999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin","display_name":"hemoglobin","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-medicine","display_name":"molecular medicine","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobinopathies","display_name":"hemoglobinopathies","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickle-cell-disease","display_name":"sickle cell disease","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyurea","display_name":"hydroxyurea","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-hemoglobin","display_name":"fetal hemoglobin","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide-transport","display_name":"nitric oxide transport","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globin-gene-cluster","display_name":"globin gene cluster","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-globin-gene","display_name":"alpha-globin gene","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-globin-gene","display_name":"beta-globin gene","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin-structure","display_name":"hemoglobin structure","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5030195116996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37711048126220703}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003001","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005810","descriptor_name":"Multigene Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009569","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009569","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009569","descriptor_name":"Nitric Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011173","descriptor_name":"Portraits as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018360","descriptor_name":"Crystallography, X-Ray","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","pdf_url":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/112/10/3927/1481997/zh802208003927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2581994","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2581994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:18988877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18988877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-078188","pdf_url":"https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/112/10/3927/1481997/zh802208003927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130389986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130389986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19721907","https://openalex.org/W126077026","https://openalex.org/W185916274","https://openalex.org/W579754915","https://openalex.org/W585914646","https://openalex.org/W1456466086","https://openalex.org/W1522883299","https://openalex.org/W1531811400","https://openalex.org/W1532078988","https://openalex.org/W1541331946","https://openalex.org/W1581232675","https://openalex.org/W1613212290","https://openalex.org/W1728698863","https://openalex.org/W1828441724","https://openalex.org/W1944811154","https://openalex.org/W1967039839","https://openalex.org/W1972735584","https://openalex.org/W1976539942","https://openalex.org/W1977508606","https://openalex.org/W1984510160","https://openalex.org/W1987390807","https://openalex.org/W1990756467","https://openalex.org/W1992439879","https://openalex.org/W1992490487","https://openalex.org/W1996043889","https://openalex.org/W1996683133","https://openalex.org/W1997424007","https://openalex.org/W1998271864","https://openalex.org/W1998584422","https://openalex.org/W2000881989","https://openalex.org/W2005752061","https://openalex.org/W2006754069","https://openalex.org/W2007723987","https://openalex.org/W2007854210","https://openalex.org/W2008097533","https://openalex.org/W2010731367","https://openalex.org/W2013169303","https://openalex.org/W2014607795","https://openalex.org/W2024510704","https://openalex.org/W2024571301","https://openalex.org/W2025727606","https://openalex.org/W2026188828","https://openalex.org/W2026207988","https://openalex.org/W2026911129","https://openalex.org/W2027816595","https://openalex.org/W2028693053","https://openalex.org/W2031421957","https://openalex.org/W2034406677","https://openalex.org/W2036308544","https://openalex.org/W2041595751","https://openalex.org/W2044223477","https://openalex.org/W2045431209","https://openalex.org/W2045804546","https://openalex.org/W2046414350","https://openalex.org/W2047981620","https://openalex.org/W2049586830","https://openalex.org/W2049843026","https://openalex.org/W2050711676","https://openalex.org/W2051382343","https://openalex.org/W2053478599","https://openalex.org/W2055380355","https://openalex.org/W2056794597","https://openalex.org/W2057582400","https://openalex.org/W2058164920","https://openalex.org/W2063112083","https://openalex.org/W2065355613","https://openalex.org/W2066521171","https://openalex.org/W2068395093","https://openalex.org/W2069302974","https://openalex.org/W2070196639","https://openalex.org/W2070845549","https://openalex.org/W2072396808","https://openalex.org/W2072877187","https://openalex.org/W2073198049","https://openalex.org/W2073620575","https://openalex.org/W2077479386","https://openalex.org/W2078547860","https://openalex.org/W2080183548","https://openalex.org/W2083634592","https://openalex.org/W2084066387","https://openalex.org/W2088408650","https://openalex.org/W2089819802","https://openalex.org/W2090320233","https://openalex.org/W2095857894","https://openalex.org/W2099775991","https://openalex.org/W2101882471","https://openalex.org/W2104978512","https://openalex.org/W2108041597","https://openalex.org/W2108667952","https://openalex.org/W2109013581","https://openalex.org/W2109769448","https://openalex.org/W2114675572","https://openalex.org/W2122776934","https://openalex.org/W2125307800","https://openalex.org/W2141340108","https://openalex.org/W2143927179","https://openalex.org/W2148547093","https://openalex.org/W2148991677","https://openalex.org/W2151779515","https://openalex.org/W2152183440","https://openalex.org/W2155829072","https://openalex.org/W2157799454","https://openalex.org/W2158179286","https://openalex.org/W2159053655","https://openalex.org/W2162635058","https://openalex.org/W2165762320","https://openalex.org/W2313541759","https://openalex.org/W2314257089","https://openalex.org/W2327083895","https://openalex.org/W2342044710","https://openalex.org/W2415936146","https://openalex.org/W2436903794","https://openalex.org/W2511843349","https://openalex.org/W2913013323","https://openalex.org/W2914437448","https://openalex.org/W3006161187","https://openalex.org/W3158286353","https://openalex.org/W4242743693","https://openalex.org/W4246480901","https://openalex.org/W4251077987","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6758653090","https://openalex.org/W6857655117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7047907472","https://openalex.org/W112554717","https://openalex.org/W1913813704","https://openalex.org/W4254901249","https://openalex.org/W2968147414","https://openalex.org/W2416608970","https://openalex.org/W79512386","https://openalex.org/W1733107852","https://openalex.org/W105257606","https://openalex.org/W2023968093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"of":[1,4,8,11,21,28,34,47,56,85,93,118,123,152,157],"our":[2],"understanding":[3,112],"human":[5],"physiology,":[6],"and":[7,18,32,51,54,59,88,96,113],"many":[9],"aspects":[10,151],"pathology,":[12],"has":[13,38,68,108],"its":[14,80],"antecedents":[15],"in":[16,82,129],"laboratory":[17],"clinical":[19,143],"studies":[20],"hemoglobin.":[22],"Over":[23],"the":[24,29,35,42,63,83,89,94,115,121,155],"last":[25,64],"century,":[26],"knowledge":[27],"genetics,":[30],"functions,":[31],"diseases":[33,117],"hemoglobin":[36,74,128],"proteins":[37],"been":[39],"refined":[40],"to":[41,76,125,163],"molecular":[43,153],"level":[44],"by":[45,52],"analyses":[46],"their":[48,57],"crystallographic":[49],"structures":[50],"cloning":[53],"sequencing":[55],"genes":[58],"surrounding":[60],"DNA.":[61],"In":[62],"few":[65],"decades,":[66],"research":[67,138,165],"opened":[69],"up":[70],"new":[71],"paradigms":[72],"for":[73,111,149],"related":[75],"processes":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79,145,147],"role":[81],"transport":[84],"nitric":[86],"oxide":[87],"complex":[90],"developmental":[91],"control":[92],"alpha-like":[95],"beta-like":[97],"globin":[98],"gene":[99],"clusters.":[100],"It":[101,133],"is":[102,134],"noteworthy":[103],"that":[104,136],"this":[105,164],"recent":[106],"work":[107],"had":[109],"implications":[110],"treating":[114],"prevalent":[116],"hemoglobin,":[119],"especially":[120],"use":[122],"hydroxyurea":[124],"elevate":[126],"fetal":[127],"sickle":[130],"cell":[131],"disease.":[132],"likely":[135],"current":[137],"will":[139],"also":[140],"have":[141],"significant":[142],"implications,":[144],"well":[146],"lessons":[148],"other":[150],"medicine,":[154],"origin":[156],"which":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160],"largely":[161],"traced":[162],"tradition.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
