{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130000045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","title":"War, memes and memeplexes","display_name":"War, memes and memeplexes","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130000045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","mag":"2130000045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79519963","display_name":"International Affairs","issn_l":"0020-5850","issn":["0020-5850","1468-2346","1473-7981","1473-799X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024327954","display_name":"Christopher Coker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-813X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-813X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CHRISTOPHER COKER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024327954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":{"value":3743,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4936},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92297364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"5","first_page":"903","last_page":"914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14314","display_name":"Violence, Religion, and Philosophy","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14314","display_name":"Violence, Religion, and Philosophy","score":0.5609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.09440000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meme-theory","display_name":"meme theory","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memetics","display_name":"memetics","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memeplex","display_name":"memeplex","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honor","display_name":"honor","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenge","display_name":"revenge","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-evolution","display_name":"cultural evolution","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/richard-dawkins","display_name":"Richard Dawkins","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daniel-dennett","display_name":"Daniel Dennett","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177755854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905411","display_name":"Coker unit","level":3,"score":0.8410776853561401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.5342928767204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5147402286529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.43514400720596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.42998701333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3472331166267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.33492374420166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.30714935064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2988045811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2775064706802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09932583570480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06527870893478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795","display_name":"Coke","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00745.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79519963","display_name":"International Affairs","issn_l":"0020-5850","issn":["0020-5850","1468-2346","1473-7981","1473-799X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406304139","https://openalex.org/W4255470846","https://openalex.org/W253903945","https://openalex.org/W3114800053","https://openalex.org/W2135630955","https://openalex.org/W4296707130","https://openalex.org/W6930092302","https://openalex.org/W7121543620","https://openalex.org/W7121128876","https://openalex.org/W4298041668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Meme":[0],"theory":[1,138],"has":[2],"been":[3],"attracting":[4],"much":[5],"attention":[6],"in":[7,49,97,106],"recent":[8],"years.":[9],"Pioneered":[10],"by":[11,80],"Richard":[12],"Dawkins":[13,108],"and":[14,119],"Daniel":[15],"Dennett":[16],"it":[17,82,86,142],"suggests":[18],"that":[19,58],"there":[20],"are":[21,78],"self-replicating":[22],"units":[23],"of":[24,42,60,74,100,112],"culture":[25],"analogous":[26],"to":[27,34,68,145],"genes.":[28],"Like":[29],"genes":[30],"these":[31],"\u2018memes\u2019":[32],"seek":[33],"copy":[35],"themselves":[36],"as":[37,39,104],"widely":[38],"possible.":[40],"One":[41,111],"them":[43],"may":[44,65],"be":[45],"war.":[46],"Memetics":[47],"remains":[48],"its":[50],"infancy":[51],"but":[52],"the":[53,71,75,98,113],"truly":[54],"sobering":[55],"aspect":[56],"is":[57,87,117,121,129],"\u2018fitness":[59],"purpose\u2019":[61],"for":[62,89,123,133],"a":[63,130],"meme":[64,137],"have":[66],"little":[67],"do":[69],"with":[70],"biological":[72],"fitness":[73],"people":[76],"who":[77],"\u2018programmed\u2019":[79],"it;":[81],"simply":[83],"evolves":[84],"because":[85,94],"advantageous":[88],"itself.":[90],"Memes":[91],"also":[92],"persist":[93],"they":[95],"flourish":[96],"presence":[99],"other":[101],"memes":[102,116],"(such":[103],"religion)":[105],"what":[107],"calls":[109],"\u2018memeplexes\u2019.":[110],"most":[114],"persistent":[115],"honour,":[118],"another":[120],"revenge":[122],"dishonour":[124],"imagined":[125],"or":[126],"real.":[127],"War":[128],"powerful":[131],"medium":[132],"both.":[134],"Even":[135],"if":[136],"never":[139],"catches":[140],"on":[141],"encourages":[143],"us":[144],"think":[146],"about":[147],"war":[148],"more":[149],"creatively.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}