{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129809879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","title":"Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using directional parameters","display_name":"Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using directional parameters","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129809879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","mag":"2129809879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1680/geot.12.p.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170199316","display_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","issn_l":"0016-8505","issn":["0016-8505","1751-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066542615","display_name":"J. Fonseca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. FONSECA","raw_affiliation_strings":["City Univ London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City Univ London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014571718","display_name":"Catherine O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-1910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-1910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. O'SULLIVAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038843940","display_name":"Matthew Richard Coop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-552X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-552X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.R. COOP","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085252036","display_name":"Peter David Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.D. LEE","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials, The University of Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials, The University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066542615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98525545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"487","last_page":"499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fabric","display_name":"soil fabric","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand","display_name":"sand","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shearing","display_name":"shearing","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-materials","display_name":"granular materials","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-orientation","display_name":"particle orientation","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/void-orientation","display_name":"void orientation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-bands","display_name":"shear bands","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-peak-behavior","display_name":"post-peak behavior","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-stress","display_name":"principal stress","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabric-evolution","display_name":"fabric evolution","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152279782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13583542","display_name":"Shearing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8415260910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32568104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular material","level":2,"score":0.701468288898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171872576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902783","display_name":"Discrete element method","level":2,"score":0.671161413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6330932974815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5205689072608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993937205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13409892","display_name":"Principal stress","level":3,"score":0.513782799243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4819636046886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46274498105049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778956892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882168","display_name":"Shear band","level":3,"score":0.4553062319755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101082671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520832","display_name":"Simple shear","level":3,"score":0.4106062650680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3262858986854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24526292085647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1246294379234314}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1680/geot.12.p.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170199316","display_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","issn_l":"0016-8505","issn":["0016-8505","1751-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/deb533a6-fa84-4b05-abf0-18eab604231f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/deb533a6-fa84-4b05-abf0-18eab604231f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fonseca, J, O'Sullivan, C, Coop, M R & Lee, P D 2013, 'Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using directional parameters', Geotechnique, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.P.003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:3534","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/joana=2Efonseca=2E1.html>,","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/3534/1/Fonseca2013d-Geo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1513657","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1513657/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GEOTECHNIQUE , 63 (6) pp. 487-499. (2013)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1680/geot.12.p.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.p.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170199316","display_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","issn_l":"0016-8505","issn":["0016-8505","1751-7656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"G\u00e9otechnique","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3329256979","display_name":"Multiscale x-ray imaging facility for monitoring and modelling structural evolution in situ","funder_award_id":"EP/F001452/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6117569047","display_name":"Structural evolution across multiple time and length scales","funder_award_id":"EP/I02249X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129809879.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129809879.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564419782","https://openalex.org/W1963546087","https://openalex.org/W1972030330","https://openalex.org/W1974629911","https://openalex.org/W1983643416","https://openalex.org/W1988364689","https://openalex.org/W1989920644","https://openalex.org/W2000798166","https://openalex.org/W2015203639","https://openalex.org/W2026387014","https://openalex.org/W2026775182","https://openalex.org/W2052824170","https://openalex.org/W2065796969","https://openalex.org/W2066818910","https://openalex.org/W2085851024","https://openalex.org/W2090155884","https://openalex.org/W2090162473","https://openalex.org/W2094431816","https://openalex.org/W2109450706","https://openalex.org/W2129491289","https://openalex.org/W2132843715","https://openalex.org/W2142348975","https://openalex.org/W2152602662","https://openalex.org/W2168672288","https://openalex.org/W2310831786","https://openalex.org/W2547969485","https://openalex.org/W2618944525","https://openalex.org/W2744553786","https://openalex.org/W2936815545","https://openalex.org/W3013741643","https://openalex.org/W4232487669","https://openalex.org/W4239050752","https://openalex.org/W4243103819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936815545","https://openalex.org/W2076687152","https://openalex.org/W2357205711","https://openalex.org/W2314594766","https://openalex.org/W1999981239","https://openalex.org/W1910580169","https://openalex.org/W106099318","https://openalex.org/W4225307792","https://openalex.org/W2096761279","https://openalex.org/W2316927889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,11,19,24,27,48,51,57,84,99,129,137,140,149,152,160,163,172,177,180,188],"past":[2],"50":[3],"years,":[4],"experimental":[5],"studies":[6],"have":[7,33],"repeatedly":[8],"demonstrated":[9],"that":[10,22,128,134],"mechanical":[12],"behaviour":[13],"of":[14,26,44,47,60,82,87,98,101,107,122,139,162],"sand":[15,90],"is":[16],"sensitive":[17],"to":[18,38,143,156,185],"material":[20,141],"fabric,":[21],"is,":[23],"arrangement":[25],"grains.":[28],"Up":[29],"until":[30],"now":[31],"there":[32],"been":[34],"relatively":[35],"few":[36],"attempts":[37],"describe":[39],"this":[40],"fabric":[41,86,102,133],"quantitatively.":[42],"Much":[43],"our":[45],"understanding":[46],"link":[49],"between":[50],"particle":[52,131],"movements":[53],"and":[54,56,69,91,113,179],"interactions":[55],"macro-scale":[58],"response":[59],"granular":[61],"materials,":[62],"including":[63],"sand,":[64],"comes":[65],"from":[66],"discrete-element":[67],"modelling":[68],"experiments":[70],"on":[71],"\u2018analogue'":[72],"sands":[73],"with":[74],"simple,":[75],"idealised":[76],"shapes.":[77],"This":[78],"paper":[79],"investigates":[80],"methods":[81],"quantifying":[83],"directional":[85,103],"a":[88],"real":[89],"its":[92],"evolution":[93],"under":[94],"loading.":[95],"Statistical":[96],"analyses":[97],"distribution":[100],"data":[104,126],"in":[105,148],"terms":[106],"particle,":[108],"contact":[109,153,181],"normal,":[110],"branch":[111],"vector":[112],"void":[114],"orientations":[115],"were":[116,169],"carried":[117],"out":[118],"at":[119],"different":[120],"stages":[121],"shearing":[123],"deformation.":[124],"The":[125],"show":[127],"initial":[130],"orientation":[132],"develops":[135],"during":[136,145],"deposition":[138],"tends":[142],"persist":[144],"shearing,":[146],"while":[147],"post-peak":[150],"regime":[151],"normals":[154],"seem":[155],"be":[157],"reoriented":[158],"along":[159,187],"direction":[161],"major":[164],"principal":[165],"stress.":[166],"Different":[167],"patterns":[168],"observed":[170],"within":[171],"shear":[173,189],"band,":[174],"as":[175],"both":[176],"particles":[178],"normal":[182],"vectors":[183],"appeared":[184],"rotate":[186],"plane.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}