{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129689477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","title":"Genetic and Environmental Effects on Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: An Adoption/Twin Study","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Effects on Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: An Adoption/Twin Study","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129689477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","mag":"2129689477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8345444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73786128","display_name":"Journal of Personality","issn_l":"0022-3506","issn":["0022-3506","1467-6494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002707644","display_name":"Cindy S. Bergeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-3442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-3442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. S. Bergeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097259799","display_name":"Heather M. Chlpuer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather M. Chlpuer","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007723142","display_name":"Robert J. Plomin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-3629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-3629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Plomin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University","MRC Centre for Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Centre for Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011350655","display_name":"Nancy L. Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-3543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-3543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy L. Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University","Department of Environmental Hygiene The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Hygiene The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037786289","display_name":"Gerald E. McClearn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. E. McClearn","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025348127","display_name":"John R. Nesselroade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Nesselroade","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057933099","display_name":"Paul T. Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-1712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-1712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul T. Jr. Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NIH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NIH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005413743","display_name":"Robert R. McCrae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert R. McCrae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NIH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gerontology Research Center National Institute on Aging, NIH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002707644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":{"value":3780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98010893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"159","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"openness to experience","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agreeableness","display_name":"agreeableness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscientiousness","display_name":"conscientiousness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/five-factor-model-of-personality","display_name":"five-factor model of personality","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritability-of-personality","display_name":"heritability of personality","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-factors","display_name":"genetic factors","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twin-studies","display_name":"twin studies","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoption-studies","display_name":"adoption studies","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-development","display_name":"personality development","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170760736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380358","display_name":"Agreeableness","level":5,"score":0.9390578866004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172141706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307067","display_name":"Conscientiousness","level":5,"score":0.9193899631500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.8009406924247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134524106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5753128","display_name":"Hierarchical structure of the Big Five","level":5,"score":0.7561715841293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.736594557762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.6585187315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.6412212252616882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.6101851463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5269924998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127816348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127588","display_name":"Extraversion and introversion","level":4,"score":0.5124650597572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94612546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540168","display_name":"Neuroticism","level":3,"score":0.4460596740245819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43432095646858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.29796427488327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.16024497151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06541022658348083}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000300","descriptor_name":"Adoption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005120","descriptor_name":"Extraversion, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007389","descriptor_name":"Internal-External Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010551","descriptor_name":"Personality","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010552","descriptor_name":"Personality Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013548","descriptor_name":"Sweden","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014429","descriptor_name":"Twins, Dizygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014429","descriptor_name":"Twins, Dizygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014430","descriptor_name":"Twins, Monozygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014430","descriptor_name":"Twins, Monozygotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73786128","display_name":"Journal of Personality","issn_l":"0022-3506","issn":["0022-3506","1467-6494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8345444","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8345444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/6c630af9-8b0c-4643-b880-f52726c3d430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/6c630af9-8b0c-4643-b880-f52726c3d430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bergeman, C S, Chipuer, H M, Plomin, R, Pedersen, N L, McClearn, G E, Nesselroade, J R, Costa, P T & McCrae, R R 1993, 'Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness : an adoption/twin study', Journal of Personality, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 159-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1165794162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 AG 00048-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1438019802","display_name":"INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN GERONTOLOGY","funder_award_id":"T32AG000048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1543456837","display_name":"GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES IN BEHAVIORAL AGING","funder_award_id":"R01AG004563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2338584565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG04563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11969689","https://openalex.org/W58598477","https://openalex.org/W112949365","https://openalex.org/W569303189","https://openalex.org/W616483852","https://openalex.org/W620936267","https://openalex.org/W1533404793","https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1572344840","https://openalex.org/W1583414384","https://openalex.org/W1731200220","https://openalex.org/W1911640279","https://openalex.org/W1981573537","https://openalex.org/W1990835364","https://openalex.org/W1991838756","https://openalex.org/W1995609995","https://openalex.org/W1998065222","https://openalex.org/W2000792658","https://openalex.org/W2002517898","https://openalex.org/W2007099537","https://openalex.org/W2012499677","https://openalex.org/W2016658075","https://openalex.org/W2018078558","https://openalex.org/W2025380177","https://openalex.org/W2031043098","https://openalex.org/W2034538316","https://openalex.org/W2038045216","https://openalex.org/W2042110524","https://openalex.org/W2042674809","https://openalex.org/W2045864095","https://openalex.org/W2051984640","https://openalex.org/W2052506025","https://openalex.org/W2058535665","https://openalex.org/W2064303302","https://openalex.org/W2069986583","https://openalex.org/W2082612867","https://openalex.org/W2083655139","https://openalex.org/W2095005020","https://openalex.org/W2095076555","https://openalex.org/W2096840808","https://openalex.org/W2099465598","https://openalex.org/W2100070324","https://openalex.org/W2102486893","https://openalex.org/W2115010414","https://openalex.org/W2126209489","https://openalex.org/W2145198619","https://openalex.org/W2147904107","https://openalex.org/W2155921107","https://openalex.org/W2159316671","https://openalex.org/W2162124775","https://openalex.org/W2166072945","https://openalex.org/W2170713350","https://openalex.org/W2312874651","https://openalex.org/W2461917396","https://openalex.org/W2462677012","https://openalex.org/W2485281079","https://openalex.org/W2584647260","https://openalex.org/W2769099569","https://openalex.org/W2783083210","https://openalex.org/W2784640584","https://openalex.org/W2784948401","https://openalex.org/W2798043078","https://openalex.org/W2902146200","https://openalex.org/W2939330635","https://openalex.org/W3005825740","https://openalex.org/W3014055350","https://openalex.org/W3176829175","https://openalex.org/W4213369556","https://openalex.org/W4229777514","https://openalex.org/W4231950914","https://openalex.org/W4237190059","https://openalex.org/W4246644329","https://openalex.org/W4248582041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986986810","https://openalex.org/W1995609995","https://openalex.org/W2068080348","https://openalex.org/W2039961260","https://openalex.org/W2058822554","https://openalex.org/W1895978410","https://openalex.org/W2083677459","https://openalex.org/W2742293991","https://openalex.org/W136262246","https://openalex.org/W2116819960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"indicated":[3],"that":[4],"extraversion":[5],"and":[6,14,20,38,57,65,71,82,87,103,126,144],"neuroticism":[7],"are":[8],"substantially":[9],"affected":[10],"both":[11],"by":[12],"genotype":[13],"environment.":[15,111],"This":[16],"study":[17],"assesses":[18],"genetic":[19,81,143],"environmental":[21,83,145],"influences":[22],"on":[23],"the":[24,29,44,124,134],"other":[25,95],"three":[26],"components":[27],"of":[28,32,43,54,60,68,74,80,97,108,123,133],"five-factor":[30],"model":[31],"personality:":[33,98],"Openness":[34,86],"to":[35,51,91],"Experience,":[36],"Agreeableness,":[37],"Conscientiousness.":[39],"An":[40],"abbreviated":[41],"version":[42],"NEO":[45],"Personality":[46],"Inventory":[47],"(NEO-PI)":[48],"was":[49,101,105],"administered":[50],"82":[52],"pairs":[53,59,67,73],"identical":[55,69],"twins":[56,62,70,76],"171":[58],"fraternal":[61,75],"reared":[63,77],"apart":[64],"132":[66],"167":[72],"together.":[78],"Estimates":[79],"effects":[84],"for":[85,113,120,131,142],"Conscientiousness":[88],"were":[89,115,147],"similar":[90],"those":[92],"found":[93,148],"in":[94,149],"studies":[96],"Genetic":[99,117],"influence":[100,118],"substantial":[102],"there":[104],"little":[106],"evidence":[107],"shared":[109,127],"rearing":[110,128],"Results":[112],"Agreeableness":[114],"different:":[116],"accounted":[119,130],"only":[121],"12%":[122],"variance":[125],"environment":[129],"21%":[132],"variance.":[135],"Few":[136],"significant":[137],"gender":[138],"or":[139],"age":[140],"differences":[141],"parameters":[146],"model-fitting":[150],"analyses.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
