{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129680183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","title":"Tourism Sustainability and Health Impacts in High Altitude Adventure, Cultural and Ecotourism Destinations: A Case Study of Nepal's Sagarmatha National Park","display_name":"Tourism Sustainability and Health Impacts in High Altitude Adventure, Cultural and Ecotourism Destinations: A Case Study of Nepal's Sagarmatha National Park","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129680183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","mag":"2129680183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09669580408667240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167854760","display_name":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism","issn_l":"0966-9582","issn":["0966-9582","1747-7646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112605207","display_name":"Ghazali Musa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazali Musa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051839223","display_name":"C. Michael Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-4587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-4587"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.M. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070246030","display_name":"James E.S. Higham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-7035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-7035"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.E.S. Higham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46145269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"306","last_page":"331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.5131999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.5131999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11968","display_name":"High Altitude and Hypoxia","score":0.31790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.07689999788999557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude-tourism","display_name":"high-altitude tourism","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sagarmatha-national-park","display_name":"Sagarmatha National Park","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adventure-tourism","display_name":"adventure tourism","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecotourism","display_name":"ecotourism","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-tourism","display_name":"cultural tourism","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude-sickness","display_name":"altitude sickness","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-pain","display_name":"musculoskeletal pain","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrhea","display_name":"diarrhea","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-health","display_name":"travel health","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-destination-management","display_name":"destination management","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-tourism","display_name":"sustainable tourism","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-education","display_name":"tourism education","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-risk-groups","display_name":"high-risk groups","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151807755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187449","display_name":"Ecotourism","level":3,"score":0.7784332633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.671873927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5683928728103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.4725337326526642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4607354998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778734068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344240","display_name":"Sustainable tourism","level":3,"score":0.4254749119281769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4068555235862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4035875201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3798237442970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3268253207206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32372015714645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3147134780883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11946415901184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09669580408667240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167854760","display_name":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism","issn_l":"0966-9582","issn":["0966-9582","1747-7646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ourarchive.otago.ac.nz:10523/1265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80910950","https://openalex.org/W228001593","https://openalex.org/W1481738524","https://openalex.org/W1499586263","https://openalex.org/W1540810577","https://openalex.org/W1969392668","https://openalex.org/W1991742893","https://openalex.org/W2030763573","https://openalex.org/W2751316093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766247319","https://openalex.org/W4401615117","https://openalex.org/W2131998799","https://openalex.org/W1507140656","https://openalex.org/W2007668282","https://openalex.org/W4395958665","https://openalex.org/W2075881286","https://openalex.org/W2063092227","https://openalex.org/W2415840456","https://openalex.org/W2083939597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sagarmatha":[0],"National":[1],"Park":[2],"(SNP)":[3],"is":[4,23],"an":[5],"ACE":[6,154],"(adventure,":[7],"cultural":[8],"and":[9,26,41,73,126,142,146,183,192],"ecotourism)":[10],"high":[11,152],"altitude":[12,153],"destination.":[13],"Many":[14],"researchers":[15],"argue":[16],"that":[17,35,150],"tourism":[18,58,175,184],"development":[19],"in":[20,57,83,168],"the":[21,47,65,105,137,172],"region":[22],"not":[24,28],"sustainable":[25],"does":[27],"comply":[29],"with":[30],"ecotourism":[31],"concepts.":[32],"They":[33],"report":[34],"SNP":[36],"suffers":[37],"considerable":[38],"environmental,":[39],"sociocultural":[40],"economic":[42],"impacts.":[43],"Health":[44],"issues,":[45],"despite":[46,101],"number":[48],"of":[49,68,85,107,113,139,165,174],"ailments":[50,119,141],"commonly":[51],"experienced":[52],"by":[53],"tourists,":[54],"remain":[55],"neglected":[56],"literature.":[59],"This":[60],"study":[61,130],"aims":[62],"to":[63,170,189],"investigate":[64],"health":[66,114,140,158],"consequences":[67],"visiting":[69],"SNP.":[70],"Seven":[71],"hundred":[72],"fifty":[74],"questionnaires":[75,90],"were":[76,91],"given":[77],"out":[78],"during":[79],"three":[80],"separate":[81],"seasons":[82],"1999,":[84],"which":[86],"448":[87],"completed":[88],"usable":[89],"returned":[92],"giving":[93],"a":[94,162],"59.7%":[95],"response":[96],"rate.":[97],"The":[98,116,129],"results":[99],"showthat":[100],"good":[102],"travel":[103],"preparation,":[104],"majority":[106],"tourists":[108,191],"(89.4%)":[109],"suffer":[110],"some":[111],"form":[112],"ailment.":[115],"most":[117],"common":[118],"are":[120],"mountain":[121],"sickness,":[122],"musculoskeletal":[123],"pain,":[124],"diarrhoea":[125],"respiratory":[127],"infection.":[128],"also":[131],"shows":[132],"several":[133],"significant":[134],"relationships":[135],"between":[136],"incidence":[138],"demographic":[143],"profiles,":[144],"motivation":[145],"satisfaction.":[147],"It":[148],"proposes":[149],"for":[151],"destinations":[155],"like":[156],"SNP,":[157],"issues":[159],"should":[160,180,186],"be":[161,181,187],"core":[163],"component":[164],"destination":[166],"management":[167],"order":[169],"ensure":[171],"sustainability":[173],"development.":[176],"High":[177],"risk":[178],"groups":[179],"identified":[182],"education":[185],"targeted":[188],"both":[190],"locals.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
