{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129644307","doi":null,"title":"Endogenous Family-Planning Rules and the Optimal Cash Penalties","display_name":"Endogenous Family-Planning Rules and the Optimal Cash Penalties","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129644307","mag":"2129644307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2129644307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-679/1/no.49.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392981","display_name":"Daniel Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-5817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-5817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science & Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-5817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100392981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-planning","display_name":"family planning","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-cadres","display_name":"local cadres","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-china","display_name":"rural China","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-decline","display_name":"fertility decline","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-economic-reform","display_name":"rural economic reform","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-income","display_name":"local income","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-welfare","display_name":"household welfare","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-labor-supply","display_name":"female labor supply","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166866094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307251","display_name":"Tobit model","level":2,"score":0.6576077938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6495095491409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16669466","display_name":"Cash transfers","level":3,"score":0.581021249294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.5429979562759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.49302026629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.47596830129623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.4548301696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.44771355390548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.4473699927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.37793588638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3417225778102875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.31656837463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18060076236724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2129644307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-679/1/no.49.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590372966","https://openalex.org/W1964299296","https://openalex.org/W1964306383","https://openalex.org/W1977067200","https://openalex.org/W1987023329","https://openalex.org/W2003365483","https://openalex.org/W2004104386","https://openalex.org/W2004259020","https://openalex.org/W2007328676","https://openalex.org/W2010030066","https://openalex.org/W2021484416","https://openalex.org/W2029507081","https://openalex.org/W2035716879","https://openalex.org/W2045494914","https://openalex.org/W2053295230","https://openalex.org/W2081672702","https://openalex.org/W2088439048","https://openalex.org/W2126213393","https://openalex.org/W2325734962","https://openalex.org/W2334292841","https://openalex.org/W2475224091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W632150201","https://openalex.org/W649252943","https://openalex.org/W1989856636","https://openalex.org/W2081405436","https://openalex.org/W2263481730","https://openalex.org/W630292369","https://openalex.org/W2343549113","https://openalex.org/W2351565812","https://openalex.org/W2180630465","https://openalex.org/W2218749561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Economic":[0],"reform":[1],"has":[2],"brought":[3],"tremendous":[4],"changes":[5,35],"to":[6,47,105,186,213],"China\u2019s":[7],"rural":[8,24],"economy":[9],"in":[10,17,32,100,150,170],"the":[11,43,48,52,57,65,69,97,107,113,116,123,131,134,143,148,164,176,188,200,208,232],"past":[12],"two":[13,219],"decades,":[14],"as":[15,104,196],"reflected":[16],"a":[18,88,102,156,181],"combination":[19],"of":[20,45,51,59,72,125,133,145,190,234],"rapid":[21],"economic":[22,49],"growth,":[23],"industrialization,":[25],"str":[26],"uctural":[27],"change,":[28],"and":[29,42,76,84,122,147,167,173],"sharp":[30],"reductions":[31],"fertility.":[33],"These":[34],"have":[36],"also":[37,161],"affected":[38],"labor":[39],"supply":[40],"patterns":[41],"contribution":[44],"women":[46],"welfare":[50],"household.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"examines":[56],"determinants":[58,189],"familyplanning":[60,74],"rules.":[61],"I":[62,91,154,179,206],"argue":[63],"that":[64,93,141],"cash":[66,98,126,135,152,201,235],"penalty":[67,99,136,202],"serves":[68],"dual":[70],"role":[71],"enforcing":[73,112],"rules":[75,114,146,224],"generating":[77],"revenue":[78,117],"for":[79,175],"both":[80],"local":[81,94,139,241],"family-planning":[82,223],"work":[83],"cadre":[85],"bonuses.":[86],"Using":[87],"maximization":[89],"model,":[90],"show":[92],"cadres":[95],"set":[96,160],"such":[101],"way":[103],"balance":[106],"utility":[108],"obtained":[109],"from":[110,119],"strictly":[111],"with":[115,215,228,240],"gained":[118],"lax":[120],"enforcement":[121],"imposition":[124],"penalties.":[127,153],"In":[128],"this":[129],"manner,":[130],"level":[132,233],"depends":[137],"on":[138],"conditions":[140],"affect":[142],"enforceability":[144],"difficulties":[149],"collecting":[151],"use":[155,180,207],"panel":[157],"village-level":[158],"data":[159],"collected":[162],"by":[163],"China":[165],"Health":[166],"Nutrition":[168],"Survey":[169],"1989,":[171],"1991":[172],"1993":[174],"empirical":[177],"analysis.":[178],"random":[182,210],"effect":[183,211],"Probit":[184],"model":[185,212],"estimate":[187],"family":[191],"rules,":[192],"which":[193],"are":[194,218,225],"modeled":[195],"dichotomous":[197],"variables.":[198],"Since":[199],"is":[203,237],"never":[204],"negative,":[205],"Tobit":[209],"deal":[214],"censoring.":[216],"There":[217],"notable":[220],"findings.":[221],"First,":[222],"strongly":[226],"correlated":[227,239],"geographical":[229],"locations.":[230],"Second,":[231],"penalties":[236],"positively":[238],"incomes.":[242],"ENDOGENOUS":[243],"FAMILY":[244],"PLANNING":[245],"RULES":[246],"AND":[247],"THE":[248],"OPTIMAL":[249],"2":[250],"CASH":[251],"PENALTIES":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}