{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129378691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","title":"Discounting in economic evaluations: stepping forward towards optimal decision rules","display_name":"Discounting in economic evaluations: stepping forward towards optimal decision rules","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129378691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","mag":"2129378691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17006970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.1168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hec.1168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hec.1168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018997782","display_name":"Hugh S. E. Gravelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-4233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-4233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Gravelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Primary Care Research and Development Centre (NPCRDC), Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Primary Care Research and Development Centre (NPCRDC), Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053906209","display_name":"Werner B. F. Brouwer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-8397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-8397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Werner Brouwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands","iMTA, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iMTA, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048876130","display_name":"Louis Wilhelmus Niessen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-5191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-5191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Niessen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016565734","display_name":"Maarten Jacobus Postma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-3653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-3653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Postma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration / University of Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GUIDE/GRIP), The Netherlands","Methods in Medicines evaluation & Outcomes research (M2O)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration / University of Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GUIDE/GRIP), The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Methods in Medicines evaluation & Outcomes research (M2O)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014822300","display_name":"Frans Rutten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans Rutten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands","Erasmus Univ, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Policy & Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus Medical Centre / Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus Univ, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Policy & Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053906209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.1269,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99008,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"307","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounting","display_name":"discounting","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-evaluation","display_name":"economic evaluation","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nice-guidance","display_name":"NICE guidelines","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-decision-rules","display_name":"optimal decision rules","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-guidance","display_name":"regulatory guidelines","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.9308851361274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33959","display_name":"Nice","level":2,"score":0.7056037783622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.6618252992630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5626041293144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5567149519920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.49930262565612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.49065080285072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.472868412733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.43764322996139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614165","display_name":"Quality-adjusted life year","level":3,"score":0.4129272699356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3764111399650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3707807958126068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20686888694763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.18980073928833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1852836310863495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.18339258432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1057496964931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10543105006217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09570381045341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004470","descriptor_name":"Economics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015993","descriptor_name":"Life Tables","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017059","descriptor_name":"Models, Econometric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D026712","descriptor_name":"Value of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.1168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hec.1168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17006970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17006970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health economics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire/b178d009-1864-466b-b31c-90dcc8074f50","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/b178d009-1864-466b-b31c-90dcc8074f50","pdf_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/46721983/Gravelle_et_al-2007-Health_Economics.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gravelle, H, Brouwer, W, Niessen, LW, Postma, M & Rutten, FFH 2007, 'Discouting in economic evaluations: stepping forward towards optima decision rules', Health Economics, vol. 16, pp. 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:eur:oai:pure.eur.nl:publications/b178d009-1864-466b-b31c-90dcc8074f50","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/b178d009-1864-466b-b31c-90dcc8074f50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics, 16, 307 - 317. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:eur:oai:repub.eur.nl:67023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1765/67023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics, 16(3), 307 - 317","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/ffdf0ba6-8d42-4b1e-8480-071bfe5659db","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/files/6703930/Gravelle_2007_Health_Econ.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gravelle, H, Brouwer, W, Niessen, L, Postma, M & Rutten, F 2007, 'Discounting in economic evaluations : Stepping forward towards optimal decision rules', Health Economics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repub.eur.nl:67023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/67023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics vol. 16 no. 3, pp. 307-317","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:14347","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/14347/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/ffdf0ba6-8d42-4b1e-8480-071bfe5659db","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ffdf0ba6-8d42-4b1e-8480-071bfe5659db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics, 16(3), 307 - 317. Wiley-Blackwell","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.1168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1168","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hec.1168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129378691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129378691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512398135","https://openalex.org/W1585229448","https://openalex.org/W1595046345","https://openalex.org/W1974997055","https://openalex.org/W1977897138","https://openalex.org/W1986302730","https://openalex.org/W2055387640","https://openalex.org/W2064053774","https://openalex.org/W2107905788","https://openalex.org/W2143953565","https://openalex.org/W2167468313","https://openalex.org/W2318393109","https://openalex.org/W2990065610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251588635","https://openalex.org/W1986302730","https://openalex.org/W4310937790","https://openalex.org/W2803602511","https://openalex.org/W6889160981","https://openalex.org/W2980495524","https://openalex.org/W2167468313","https://openalex.org/W2063551124","https://openalex.org/W2183276032","https://openalex.org/W4311335936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"National":[1],"Institute":[2],"for":[3,55],"Clinical":[4],"Excellence":[5],"has":[6],"recently":[7],"changed":[8],"its":[9],"guidelines":[10],"on":[11],"discounting":[12,70],"costs":[13],"and":[14],"effects":[15,31],"in":[16,96],"economic":[17],"evaluations.":[18,97],"In":[19],"common":[20],"with":[21],"most":[22],"other":[23,63],"regulatory":[24,64],"bodies":[25],"it":[26,51],"now":[27],"requires":[28],"that":[29,43],"health":[30,78,89],"should":[32,66,79,93],"be":[33,81,94],"discounted":[34],"at":[35],"the":[36,44,56,74],"same":[37],"rate":[38],"as":[39],"costs.":[40],"We":[41,84],"show":[42,86],"guideline":[45],"leads":[46],"to":[47,53],"sub-optimal":[48],"decisions":[49],"because":[50],"fails":[52],"account":[54],"changing":[57,75],"value":[58,76],"of":[59,77],"health.":[60],"NICE":[61],"(and":[62],"bodies)":[65],"either":[67],"use":[68],"differential":[69],"or":[71],"stipulate":[72],"how":[73,87],"otherwise":[80],"dealt":[82],"with.":[83],"also":[85],"binding":[88],"service":[90],"budget":[91],"constraints":[92],"incorporated":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}