{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129367481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","title":"The short-time fractal scaling of heart rate variability to estimate the mental stress of driver","display_name":"The short-time fractal scaling of heart rate variability to estimate the mental stress of driver","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129367481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","mag":"2129367481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608241","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2129367481"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078450534","display_name":"Shing-Hong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25251306","display_name":"Yuanpei University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jb3jv25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shing-Hong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058936239","display_name":"Chin\u2010Teng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25251306","display_name":"Yuanpei University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jb3jv25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Teng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrtrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrtrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080602108","display_name":"Wen-Hung Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-4303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-4303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25251306","display_name":"Yuanpei University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jb3jv25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Hung Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Yuanpei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25251306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87236842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"829","last_page":"833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-stress","display_name":"psychological stress","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-stress","display_name":"driver stress","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-scaling","display_name":"fractal scaling","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-exponents","display_name":"Lyapunov exponents","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dynamics","display_name":"nonlinear dynamics","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-nervous-system","display_name":"autonomic nervous system","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-driving-simulation","display_name":"virtual reality driving simulation","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"electrocardiogram","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety","display_name":"road safety","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.7945249676704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191544260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238630","display_name":"Lyapunov exponent","level":3,"score":0.7151592969894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.7037097215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.6846358180046082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984493583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500368","display_name":"Mental stress","level":2,"score":0.6846069693565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777372248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171064","display_name":"Autonomic nervous system","level":4,"score":0.5520133972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5178033113479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5174870491027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.49644023180007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4728933870792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.4359983801841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3818294107913971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2627681493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21462583541870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21085578203201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11019587516784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10724404454231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.08398514986038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2004.1297054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608241","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976338337","https://openalex.org/W2053439402","https://openalex.org/W2059699278","https://openalex.org/W2060304087","https://openalex.org/W2077257134","https://openalex.org/W2162273778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945362654","https://openalex.org/W2050805664","https://openalex.org/W7127980961","https://openalex.org/W7106058015","https://openalex.org/W2392132653","https://openalex.org/W849214759","https://openalex.org/W2915442426","https://openalex.org/W4416705760","https://openalex.org/W2360953358","https://openalex.org/W2030491519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"accidents":[1],"happen":[2],"everywhere,":[3],"especially":[4],"if":[5],"the":[6,26,29,35,41,52,68,73,82,107,115,121,127,136],"car":[7],"driver":[8],"cannot":[9],"concentrate":[10],"when":[11],"he/she":[12],"is":[13,23,78],"under":[14,64,139],"mental":[15,37,65,84,140],"stress.":[16,38,66,85,141],"The":[17,104],"main":[18],"purpose":[19],"of":[20,28,72,106],"this":[21],"research":[22],"to":[24,80,99,134],"utilize":[25],"method":[27],"nonlinear":[30,128],"dynamic":[31,129],"system":[32,130],"for":[33],"analyzing":[34],"driver's":[36,83,137],"In":[39,86],"physiology,":[40],"autonomic":[42],"nervous":[43,49],"system,":[44],"including":[45],"sympathetic":[46],"and":[47,58],"parasympathetic":[48],"systems,":[50],"controls":[51],"cardiovascular":[53],"system.":[54],"Human's":[55],"heart":[56,74],"rate":[57,75],"blood":[59],"pressure":[60],"violently":[61],"fluctuate":[62],"while":[63],"Therefore,":[67,123],"short-time":[69],"fractal":[70],"scaling":[71],"variability":[76],"(HRV)":[77],"analyzed":[79],"estimate":[81],"our":[87],"virtual-reality":[88],"lab,":[89],"a":[90,94,101],"subject":[91,108],"sat":[92],"on":[93],"6-D":[95],"motion":[96],"platform":[97],"designed":[98],"emulate":[100],"driver-vehicle":[102],"environment.":[103],"electrocardiogram":[105],"was":[109,112],"recorded.":[110],"It":[111],"found":[113],"that":[114,126],"Lyapunov":[116],"exponent":[117],"could":[118],"effectively":[119],"represent":[120],"HRV.":[122],"we":[124],"conclude":[125],"can":[131],"be":[132],"applied":[133],"analyze":[135],"HRV":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}