{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129209247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","title":"Identification ofTreponema pallidumSubspeciespallidumin a 200\u2010Year\u2010Old Skeletal Specimen","display_name":"Identification ofTreponema pallidumSubspeciespallidumin a 200\u2010Year\u2010Old Skeletal Specimen","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129209247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","mag":"2129209247","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10558971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/315151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090999676","display_name":"Connie J. Kolman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connie\u00a0J. Kolman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland, USA","Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000252027","display_name":"Arturo Centurion\u2010Lara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-5499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-5499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Centurion\u2010Lara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","Dept. of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053928772","display_name":"Sheila A. Lukehart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-3301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-3301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheila\u00a0A. Lukehart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","Dept. of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012614326","display_name":"Douglas W. Owsley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-6910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-6910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas\u00a0W. Owsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027355317","display_name":"Noreen Tuross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3080-4005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3080-4005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noreen Tuross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, Suitland, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027355317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.7552,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99561614,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"180","issue":"6","first_page":"2060","last_page":"2063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13409","display_name":"Paleopathology and ancient diseases","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13409","display_name":"Paleopathology and ancient diseases","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11934","display_name":"Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.09939999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treponema-pallidum-subsp-pallidum","display_name":"Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venereal-syphilis","display_name":"venereal syphilis","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skeletal-remains","display_name":"skeletal remains","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/easter-island","display_name":"Easter Island","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoglobulin-purification","display_name":"immunoglobulin purification","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780187896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134745","display_name":"Treponema","level":4,"score":0.9779046177864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083","display_name":"Syphilis","level":3,"score":0.7866342067718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17966761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68947","display_name":"Subspecies","level":2,"score":0.7037453651428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5783032774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.520382285118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.4691193401813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3837626278400421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.20148709416389465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.15607550740242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000942","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004269","descriptor_name":"DNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004269","descriptor_name":"DNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011114","descriptor_name":"Polynesia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012150","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014210","descriptor_name":"Treponema pallidum","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014210","descriptor_name":"Treponema pallidum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014210","descriptor_name":"Treponema pallidum","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014210","descriptor_name":"Treponema pallidum","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/315151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/315151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10558971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10558971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of infectious diseases","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.si.edu:10088/43678","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10088/43678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402600","display_name":"Smithsonian Digital Repository (Smithsonian Institution)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","host_organization_name":"Smithsonian Institution","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527921366","https://openalex.org/W1974026547","https://openalex.org/W1982604122","https://openalex.org/W1987734177","https://openalex.org/W2006873337","https://openalex.org/W2012409823","https://openalex.org/W2016666792","https://openalex.org/W2049757748","https://openalex.org/W2077431756","https://openalex.org/W2100641815","https://openalex.org/W2115473129","https://openalex.org/W2137448697","https://openalex.org/W2236418998","https://openalex.org/W4302405340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2938414523","https://openalex.org/W2809625882","https://openalex.org/W7213642405","https://openalex.org/W7115821639","https://openalex.org/W3049533123","https://openalex.org/W7125489711","https://openalex.org/W1975229190","https://openalex.org/W1995426974","https://openalex.org/W2897743576","https://openalex.org/W3000407794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Treponema":[0],"pallidum":[1,38,50],"subsp.":[2,49],"pallidum,":[3],"the":[4,63,100],"causative":[5],"agent":[6],"of":[7,23,31,62,74,86,99,104],"venereal":[8],"syphilis,":[9],"was":[10,26],"detected":[11],"in":[12,79],"a":[13,43],"200-year-old":[14],"skeletal":[15,92],"specimen":[16],"from":[17,51],"Easter":[18],"Island.":[19],"An":[20],"initial":[21],"diagnosis":[22],"treponemal":[24,68],"infection":[25],"confirmed":[27],"by":[28,90],"extensive":[29],"purification":[30],"immunoglobulin":[32],"that":[33,46],"reacted":[34],"strongly":[35],"with":[36,66],"T.":[37],"antigen.":[39],"Extracted":[40],"DNA":[41,69],"exhibited":[42],"single-base":[44],"polymorphism":[45],"distinguished":[47],"T.p.":[48],"4":[52],"other":[53],"human":[54],"and":[55,76,102],"nonhuman":[56],"treponemes.":[57],"Extensive":[58],"precautions":[59],"against":[60],"contamination":[61],"subject":[64],"matter":[65],"modern":[67,77],"were":[70],"employed,":[71],"including":[72],"analysis":[73],"archaeological":[75],"specimens":[78],"2":[80],"geographically":[81],"separate":[82],"laboratories.":[83],"Molecular":[84],"determination":[85],"historical":[87],"disease":[88],"states":[89],"using":[91],"material":[93],"can":[94],"significantly":[95],"enhance":[96],"our":[97],"understanding":[98],"pathology":[101],"spread":[103],"infectious":[105],"diseases.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}