{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129182175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","title":"Layer Structure in the Electron Temperature Profile in the Ionosphere","display_name":"Layer Structure in the Electron Temperature Profile in the Ionosphere","publication_year":1966,"publication_date":"1966-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129182175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","mag":"2129182175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5636/jgg.18.333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgg1949/18/3/18_3_333/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764607381","display_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","issn_l":"0022-1392","issn":["0022-1392","2185-5765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113791","host_organization_name":"Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113791"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgg1949/18/3/18_3_333/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100847885","display_name":"Kunio Hirao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136277","display_name":"Institute of Space and Astronautical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/034gcgw60","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746","https://openalex.org/I4210136277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunio HIRAO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136277","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100847885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136277","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81173088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"333","last_page":"341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-temperature-profile","display_name":"electron temperature profile","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"ionosphere","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layered-structure","display_name":"layered structure","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sounding-rockets","display_name":"sounding rockets","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-temperature-gradient","display_name":"longitudinal temperature gradient","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.8174281120300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.7007888555526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51091305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579036","display_name":"Sounding rocket","level":2,"score":0.6703366637229919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.6312302947044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.6264022588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.5809191465377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5070016384124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.47301462292671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16951817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370327","display_name":"Rotational temperature","level":3,"score":0.44763243198394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.4383188486099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3179223835468292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2755360007286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11359846591949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.08593446016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5636/jgg.18.333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgg1949/18/3/18_3_333/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764607381","display_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","issn_l":"0022-1392","issn":["0022-1392","2185-5765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113791","host_organization_name":"Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113791"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5636/jgg.18.333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.333","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgg1949/18/3/18_3_333/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764607381","display_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","issn_l":"0022-1392","issn":["0022-1392","2185-5765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113791","host_organization_name":"Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113791"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129182175.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129182175.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987443682","https://openalex.org/W2016988691","https://openalex.org/W2120383346","https://openalex.org/W2122512608","https://openalex.org/W2123925188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7060425864","https://openalex.org/W3093461967","https://openalex.org/W1650296972","https://openalex.org/W2075536270","https://openalex.org/W2105857237","https://openalex.org/W2161882158","https://openalex.org/W2002369842","https://openalex.org/W3009070540","https://openalex.org/W7204129381","https://openalex.org/W1970505054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electron":[0],"temperature":[1,22,43,57,170,186,200,213],"profile":[2,91,106,125],"in":[3,14,78,145,152,195],"the":[4,10,27,34,38,41,48,51,54,72,83,108,111,134,148,169,181,192,196,199,207],"ionosphere":[5],"has":[6,58],"been":[7],"measured":[8,55,88],"with":[9,31,50],"K-10S-1":[11],"sounding":[12],"rocket":[13],"both":[15,93,203],"up":[16,70],"and":[17,37,62,95,110,198],"down":[18],"legs.":[19],"The":[20,66,87,99],"electron":[21,42,56,89,185,212],"probe":[23,67],"was":[24,44,68],"installed":[25],"on":[26],"top":[28],"of":[29,40,75,97,118,184,191,210],"payload":[30],"perpedicular":[32],"to":[33,71,157,176],"spin":[35],"axis,":[36],"measurement":[39],"so":[45],"free":[46],"from":[47,82,174],"interference":[49],"attitude":[52],"that":[53,180,190],"vey":[59],"small":[60],"dispersion":[61],"is":[63,187,205],"quite":[64,104],"reliable.":[65],"flown":[69],"maximum":[73],"altitude":[74,135],"about":[76,119,139,172],"720km":[77],"Aug.":[79],"28,":[80],"1965,":[81],"Kagoshima":[84],"Space":[85],"Center.":[86],"temperture":[90],"covers":[92],"bottom":[94],"top-sides":[96],"ionosphere.":[98],"result":[100],"shows":[101],"apparently":[102],"a":[103,122,159],"different":[105],"between":[107,202],"up-leg":[109,146],"downteg":[112],"ones,":[113],"especially":[114],"at":[115,147],"tae":[116],"height":[117],"200km.":[120],"However,":[121],"remarkablr":[123],"similar":[124],"among":[126],"these":[127],"two":[128],"profiles":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131,158],"found":[132],"when":[133],"scales":[136],"are":[137],"shifted":[138],"60km":[140],"each":[141],"other,":[142],"being":[143],"such":[144],"lower":[149],"level":[150],"than":[151],"down-leg.":[153],"Therefore,":[154],"there":[155],"seems":[156,179],"layer":[160,182],"structure":[161,183],"which":[162],"inclines":[163],"upward":[164],"towards":[165],"south-east":[166],"direction.":[167],"And":[168],"decreases":[171],"200\u00b0K":[173],"north-west":[175],"south-west.":[177],"It":[178],"caused":[188],"by":[189,206],"atmospheric":[193],"constituent":[194],"ionosphere,":[197],"difference":[201],"legs":[204],"general":[208],"tendency":[209],"latiudinal":[211],"distribution.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}