{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129133115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","title":"Was an Industrial Revolution Inevitable? Economic Growth Over the Very Long Run","display_name":"Was an Industrial Revolution Inevitable? Economic Growth Over the Very Long Run","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129133115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","mag":"2129133115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2202/1534-6013.1028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196564809","display_name":"The B E Journal of Macroeconomics","issn_l":"1935-1690","issn":["1935-1690","2194-6116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030179737","display_name":"Charles I. Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles I. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley and NBER,","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Stanford Graduate School of Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley and NBER,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Graduate School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030179737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.7858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":327,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9967735,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13498","display_name":"Economic Development and Digital Transformation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-revolution","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-economic-growth","display_name":"long-run economic growth","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-standards","display_name":"living standards","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth","display_name":"population growth","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-rights","display_name":"property rights","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-consumption","display_name":"per capita consumption","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtuous-circle","display_name":"virtuous circle","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutions","display_name":"institutions","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.756598949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23979983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165103","display_name":"Virtuous circle and vicious circle","level":2,"score":0.7403615713119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6656268835067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.6005926728248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.5971091985702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4991426467895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.44698405265808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.4357716143131256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.42405325174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24013572931289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10237136483192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09959441423416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2202/1534-6013.1028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1534-6013.1028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196564809","display_name":"The B E Journal of Macroeconomics","issn_l":"1935-1690","issn":["1935-1690","2194-6116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bpj:bejmac:v:1:y:2001:i:2:n:2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bejm.2001.1.2/bejm.2001.1.2.1028/bejm.2001.1.2.1028.xml?format=INT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203796592","https://openalex.org/W1479827809","https://openalex.org/W1548055016","https://openalex.org/W1558177242","https://openalex.org/W1590372966","https://openalex.org/W2020965062","https://openalex.org/W2023923003","https://openalex.org/W2046504715","https://openalex.org/W2052139061","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2073271359","https://openalex.org/W2073387430","https://openalex.org/W2089295353","https://openalex.org/W2091066779","https://openalex.org/W2093265904","https://openalex.org/W2104095103","https://openalex.org/W2115199904","https://openalex.org/W2118789665","https://openalex.org/W2137539807","https://openalex.org/W2148488174","https://openalex.org/W2150406300","https://openalex.org/W2314260343","https://openalex.org/W2324054707","https://openalex.org/W2890446216","https://openalex.org/W2891943661","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3081619247","https://openalex.org/W3121822366","https://openalex.org/W3123636666","https://openalex.org/W3124502825","https://openalex.org/W3125262783","https://openalex.org/W3142221335","https://openalex.org/W4250568676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099101914","https://openalex.org/W2027033848","https://openalex.org/W2024671901","https://openalex.org/W2170398254","https://openalex.org/W7101001685","https://openalex.org/W3144669288","https://openalex.org/W2164814472","https://openalex.org/W4252189248","https://openalex.org/W7099252690","https://openalex.org/W3131705213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"a":[3,85],"growth":[4,99,131],"model":[5,73],"that":[6,108,119],"is":[7,84,103],"able":[8],"to":[9,27,78,129,142],"match":[10],"several":[11],"key":[12],"facts":[13],"of":[14,19,24,37,45,51,53,58,71,139,148],"economic":[15],"history.":[16,81],"For":[17],"thousands":[18,50],"years,":[20],"the":[21,35,43,46,56,72,115,121,127,134,137,146],"average":[22],"standard":[23],"living":[25],"seems":[26],"have":[28],"risen":[29],"very":[30],"little,":[31],"despite":[32],"increases":[33,41],"in":[34,42,64,94,106,126,136],"level":[36,44,57],"technology":[38],"and":[39],"large":[40],"population.":[47],"Then,":[48],"after":[49],"years":[52],"little":[54],"change,":[55],"per":[59],"capita":[60],"consumption":[61],"increased":[62],"dramatically":[63],"less":[65],"than":[66],"two":[67,75],"centuries.":[68],"Quantitative":[69],"analysis":[70],"highlights":[74],"factors":[76],"central":[77],"understanding":[79],"this":[80],"The":[82,101],"first":[83],"virtuous":[86],"circle:":[87],"more":[88,91],"people":[89],"produce":[90],"ideas,":[92],"which":[93],"turn":[95],"makes":[96],"additional":[97],"population":[98],"possible.":[100],"second":[102],"an":[104],"improvement":[105],"institutions":[107],"promote":[109],"innovation,":[110],"such":[111],"as":[112],"property":[113],"rights:":[114],"simulated":[116],"economy":[117],"indicates":[118],"arguably":[120],"single":[122],"most":[123],"important":[124],"factor":[125],"transition":[128],"modern":[130],"has":[132],"been":[133],"increase":[135],"fraction":[138],"output":[140],"paid":[141],"compensate":[143],"inventors":[144],"for":[145],"fruits":[147],"their":[149],"labor.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
