{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129087637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","title":"Exemplar dynamics","display_name":"Exemplar dynamics","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129087637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","mag":"2129087637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222254","display_name":"Typological studies in language","issn_l":"0167-7373","issn":["0167-7373"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Typological Studies in Language","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521255875","display_name":"Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049920688","display_name":"Janet B. Pierrehumbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janet B. Pierrehumbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern U, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern U, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049920688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.4961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1516,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99593496,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"137","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.8593999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.8593999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.052799999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exemplar-theory","display_name":"exemplar theory","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usage-based-phonology","display_name":"usage-based phonology","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lenition","display_name":"lenition","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-frequency","display_name":"word frequency","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrenchment","display_name":"entrenchment","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"speech production","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception","display_name":"speech perception","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-grammar","display_name":"emergent grammar","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.6170870661735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5800456404685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5394237041473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5267738103866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.5118743777275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4803413152694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.46843868494033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4654885530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.4522186517715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4164170026779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3227487802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29315802454948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.26073747873306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11787572503089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.45.08pie","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222254","display_name":"Typological studies in language","issn_l":"0167-7373","issn":["0167-7373"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Typological Studies in Language","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12733023","https://openalex.org/W125225111","https://openalex.org/W138174949","https://openalex.org/W604598878","https://openalex.org/W1498691477","https://openalex.org/W1532845219","https://openalex.org/W1574826984","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W1994888226","https://openalex.org/W1996672843","https://openalex.org/W2008863649","https://openalex.org/W2012113655","https://openalex.org/W2018124860","https://openalex.org/W2073710133","https://openalex.org/W2082385556","https://openalex.org/W2123355319","https://openalex.org/W2144283628","https://openalex.org/W2153533342","https://openalex.org/W2260303735","https://openalex.org/W2991582745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095122627","https://openalex.org/W2149774313","https://openalex.org/W7099317211","https://openalex.org/W4379531656","https://openalex.org/W2890250823","https://openalex.org/W7095915939","https://openalex.org/W2182359362","https://openalex.org/W2310975503","https://openalex.org/W7097008921","https://openalex.org/W7097987360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"appear":[1],"in":[2,29,87,91],"J.":[3],"Bybee":[4],"&":[5],"P.":[6],"Hopper":[7],"(eds.),":[8],"Frequency":[9],"effects":[10],"and":[11,27,108],"emergent":[12],"grammar.":[13],"Amsterdam:":[14],"John":[15],"Benjamins.":[16],"Exemplar":[17],"theory":[18,35],"was":[19],"first":[20],"developed":[21],"as":[22,42,44,65],"a":[23,53,121,129],"model":[24,39,51,70,97],"of":[25,49,62,104,120,128],"similarity":[26],"classification":[28],"perception.":[30,46],"In":[31],"this":[32,96],"paper,":[33],"the":[34,50,59,78,102,117],"is":[36,71,113],"extended":[37],"to":[38,76],"speech":[40,45],"production":[41,105],"well":[43],"Straightforward":[47],"extension":[48],"provides":[52],"formal":[54],"framework":[55],"for":[56,116],"thinking":[57],"about":[58],"quantitative":[60],"predictions":[61],"usage-based":[63],"phonology,":[64],"proposed":[66,72],"by":[67],"Bybee.":[68],"A":[69,110],"which":[73,100,124],"allows":[74],"us":[75],"derive":[77],"finding":[79],"that":[80],"leniting":[81],"historical":[82],"changes":[83],"are":[84,98],"more":[85],"advanced":[86],"frequent":[88],"words":[89],"than":[90],"rarer":[92],"ones.":[93],"Calculations":[94],"using":[95],"presented":[99],"reveal":[101],"interaction":[103],"noise,":[106],"lenition":[107,127],"entrenchment.":[109],"realistic":[111],"treatment":[112],"also":[114],"provided":[115],"time":[118],"course":[119],"phonological":[122],"merger":[123],"originates":[125],"from":[126],"marked":[130],"category.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":163},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":96}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}