{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128900985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","title":"Failing at retailing: the decline of the Larkin Company, 1918\u20101942","display_name":"Failing at retailing: the decline of the Larkin Company, 1918\u20101942","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128900985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","mag":"2128900985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17557501011016244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107261186","display_name":"Journal of Historical Research in Marketing","issn_l":"1755-750X","issn":["1755-750X","1755-7518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Historical Research in Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005261538","display_name":"Howard R. Stanger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80134939","display_name":"Canisius College","ror":"https://ror.org/01056ge55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howard Stanger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Marketing, Wehle School of Business, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Marketing, Wehle School of Business, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005261538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91581378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.6029999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.6029999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13235","display_name":"Management Theory and Practice","score":0.09589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-failure","display_name":"organizational failure","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mail-order-retailing","display_name":"mail-order retailing","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-marketing","display_name":"direct marketing","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-salespeople","display_name":"women salespeople","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-business","display_name":"family business","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-store-expansion","display_name":"chain store expansion","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interwar-period","display_name":"interwar period","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retail-decline","display_name":"retail decline","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-and-exogenous-factors","display_name":"endogenous and exogenous factors","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6393871307373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.5464814901351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5460522174835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.5388523936271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5294223427772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.48978710174560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39766839146614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37042999267578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3631579875946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.35145843029022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2875327467918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1958257257938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15837639570236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.13387355208396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.12802264094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17557501011016244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501011016244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107261186","display_name":"Journal of Historical Research in Marketing","issn_l":"1755-750X","issn":["1755-750X","1755-7518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Historical Research in Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603178908","https://openalex.org/W1483969808","https://openalex.org/W1489942010","https://openalex.org/W1514919859","https://openalex.org/W1521668750","https://openalex.org/W1586839630","https://openalex.org/W1596292327","https://openalex.org/W1963680947","https://openalex.org/W1969115864","https://openalex.org/W1969311489","https://openalex.org/W1971150591","https://openalex.org/W1997547921","https://openalex.org/W1999046473","https://openalex.org/W2000229876","https://openalex.org/W2013814980","https://openalex.org/W2031856883","https://openalex.org/W2032758816","https://openalex.org/W2035103996","https://openalex.org/W2044988075","https://openalex.org/W2053047739","https://openalex.org/W2053375990","https://openalex.org/W2056577431","https://openalex.org/W2076348627","https://openalex.org/W2080272356","https://openalex.org/W2095176818","https://openalex.org/W2104713481","https://openalex.org/W2125918792","https://openalex.org/W2126183072","https://openalex.org/W2137871522","https://openalex.org/W2147375703","https://openalex.org/W2165174317","https://openalex.org/W2167391994","https://openalex.org/W2203267729","https://openalex.org/W2281208478","https://openalex.org/W2316536698","https://openalex.org/W2319588756","https://openalex.org/W2322600951","https://openalex.org/W2323337823","https://openalex.org/W2327656459","https://openalex.org/W2328023625","https://openalex.org/W2333454586","https://openalex.org/W2335714418","https://openalex.org/W2485016213","https://openalex.org/W2797350841","https://openalex.org/W2797638350","https://openalex.org/W2798328367","https://openalex.org/W2978592984","https://openalex.org/W2984272831","https://openalex.org/W3023004739","https://openalex.org/W4251713817","https://openalex.org/W4252924655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962307529","https://openalex.org/W7045386847","https://openalex.org/W2081069655","https://openalex.org/W806490930","https://openalex.org/W4410320643","https://openalex.org/W2497893996","https://openalex.org/W2076895059","https://openalex.org/W3130944169","https://openalex.org/W3121962166","https://openalex.org/W2052276580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,68,159],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,13,16,24,65,109,187,222],"this":[4,55,253],"paper":[5,216],"is":[6],"to":[7,61,106,123,138,201,218,239,246,251,259],"explore":[8],"and":[9,43,52,83,178,180,189,194,203,234,267,273],"identify":[10],"the":[11,14,17,25,31,63,73,102,110,115,118,130,145,176,209,220,228,241,260],"causes":[12,64],"failure":[15,48,272],"Larkin":[18,74,103,149,248],"Company":[19,75,104,249],"(Buffalo,":[20],"NY),":[21],"once":[22],"one":[23,108],"nation's":[26],"largest":[27,111],"mail\u2010order":[28,112,172],"houses":[29,113],"in":[30,98,100,114,117,164,183,195,265],"decades":[32,119],"surrounding":[33,120],"1900.":[34],"Design/methodology/approach":[35],"Borrowing":[36],"conceptual":[37],"frameworks":[38],"from":[39,243],"both":[40],"recent":[41],"management":[42,266],"historical":[44,59],"scholarship":[45],"on":[46,135,270],"organizational":[47,271],"that":[49,133],"integrates":[50],"exogenous":[51,188],"endogenous":[53,190],"factors,":[54,191],"study":[56],"employs":[57],"traditional":[58],"methods":[60],"explain":[62],"Larkin's":[66],"failure.":[67],"main":[69],"primary":[70,85],"sources":[71],"include":[72],"records,":[76],"government":[77],"documents,":[78],"personal":[79],"papers,":[80],"trade":[81],"journals,":[82],"other":[84],"sources.":[86],"Findings":[87],"Begun":[88],"as":[89,276],"a":[90,170,277],"modest":[91],"soap":[92],"manufacturer":[93],"by":[94],"John":[95],"D.":[96],"Larkin,":[97],"Buffalo,":[99],"1875,":[101],"grew":[105],"become":[107],"USA":[116],"1900":[121],"owing":[122],"its":[124,140],"innovative":[125],"direct":[126],"marketing":[127],"practices,":[128],"called":[129],"\u201cfactory\u2010to\u2010family\u201d":[131],"plan,":[132],"relied":[134],"unpaid":[136],"women":[137],"distribute":[139],"products.":[141],"In":[142],"1918,":[143],"anticipating":[144],"chain":[146],"store":[147,153],"boom,":[148],"established":[150],"two":[151],"grocery":[152],"chains":[154],"(other":[155],"retail":[156],"ventures":[157,166],"followed).":[158],"company":[160,210],"regularly":[161],"lost":[162],"money":[163],"these":[165],"and,":[167],"combined":[168],"with":[169],"shrinking":[171],"economy,":[173],"struggled":[174],"during":[175,227],"1920s":[177],"1930s,":[179],"eventually":[181],"liquidated":[182],"1941\u20101942.":[184],"A":[185],"number":[186],"acting":[192],"alone":[193],"various":[196],"combinations,":[197],"proved":[198],"too":[199],"challenging":[200],"second\u2010":[202],"third\u2010generation":[204],"family":[205,281],"members":[206],"who":[207],"ran":[208],"after":[211],"1926.":[212],"Originality/value":[213],"This":[214],"research":[215],"tries":[217],"understand":[219],"decline":[221],"an":[223],"important":[224,263],"progressive":[225],"firm":[226],"interwar":[229],"period.":[230],"Whereas":[231],"Sears":[232],"Roebuck":[233],"Montgomery":[235],"Ward":[236],"were":[237],"able":[238],"make":[240],"transition":[242,254],"mail":[244],"order":[245],"stores,":[247],"failed":[250],"navigate":[252],"successfully.":[255],"It":[256],"also":[257],"adds":[258],"small":[261],"but":[262],"literature":[264],"business":[268],"history":[269],"may":[274],"serve":[275],"cautionary":[278],"tale":[279],"for":[280],"businesses.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
