{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128796428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","title":"WHAT CAN THE INFORMATION PARADOX TELL US ABOUT THE EARLY UNIVERSE?","display_name":"WHAT CAN THE INFORMATION PARADOX TELL US ABOUT THE EARLY UNIVERSE?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128796428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","mag":"2128796428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218271812410027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63240003","display_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","issn_l":"0218-2718","issn":["0218-2718","1793-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.3140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016809443","display_name":"Samir D. Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-0971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-0971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SAMIR D. MATHUR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016809443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72356592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"1241002","last_page":"1241002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.09210000187158585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-information-paradox","display_name":"black hole information paradox","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-entropy","display_name":"black hole entropy","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-universe","display_name":"early universe","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-space","display_name":"phase space","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-collapse","display_name":"gravitational collapse","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-horizon","display_name":"event horizon","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-theory","display_name":"string theory","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-expansion","display_name":"cosmic expansion","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8780999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.6779000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49987212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33198","display_name":"String theory","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182877743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155939","display_name":"Primordial black hole","level":4,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151342819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62542","display_name":"Phase space","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59087194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471710","display_name":"Black hole information paradox","level":5,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148292158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181741","display_name":"Event horizon","level":3,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144951741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131468","display_name":"White hole","level":3,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118396296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329273","display_name":"Gravitational collapse","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86031905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5685100","display_name":"Hawking","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14828074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186559","display_name":"Arrow of time","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779625871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22811512","display_name":"Extra dimensions","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218271812410027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812410027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63240003","display_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","issn_l":"0218-2718","issn":["0218-2718","1793-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1205.3140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.3140","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.3140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.694.9390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.694.9390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gravityresearchfoundation.org/pdf/awarded/2012/Mathur_2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1205.3140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1205.3140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1205.3140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1205.3140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.3140","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.3140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128796428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128796428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585213554","https://openalex.org/W1658442751","https://openalex.org/W1993631117","https://openalex.org/W2063040455","https://openalex.org/W2075319536","https://openalex.org/W2088374485","https://openalex.org/W2091996057","https://openalex.org/W2092468834","https://openalex.org/W2096028023","https://openalex.org/W2100168895","https://openalex.org/W2110093164","https://openalex.org/W2130491267","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2149158236","https://openalex.org/W2169413764","https://openalex.org/W2949958435","https://openalex.org/W2951892402","https://openalex.org/W3100415292","https://openalex.org/W3125652755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099440831","https://openalex.org/W2907633592","https://openalex.org/W7095683277","https://openalex.org/W1975190699","https://openalex.org/W1612520677","https://openalex.org/W1964890283","https://openalex.org/W2139610974","https://openalex.org/W2996977553","https://openalex.org/W2049930783","https://openalex.org/W2072664692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"we":[3,85,98],"have":[4,64],"come":[5],"to":[6,82,122],"understand":[7],"how":[8],"the":[9,56,61,75,120],"information":[10],"paradox":[11],"is":[12,26,80],"resolved":[13],"in":[14,74],"string":[15],"theory.":[16],"The":[17,38],"huge":[18],"entropy":[19],"[Formula:":[20],"see":[21],"text]":[22],"of":[23,32,41,53,93],"black":[24,58],"holes":[25],"realized":[27],"by":[28],"an":[29,116],"explicit":[30],"set":[31],"horizon":[33],"sized":[34],"\"fuzzball\"":[35,95],"wave":[36,39],"functions.":[37],"function":[40],"a":[42,69,88,106],"collapsing":[43],"shell":[44,62],"spreads":[45],"relatively":[46],"quickly":[47],"over":[48,112],"this":[49,104],"large":[50,90],"phase":[51,91,113],"space":[52,92,114],"states,":[54],"invalidating":[55],"classical":[57],"hole":[59],"geometry":[60],"would":[63],"created.":[65],"We":[66],"argue":[67],"that":[68,110],"related":[70],"effect":[71],"may":[72],"occur":[73],"early":[76],"Universe.":[77],"When":[78],"matter":[79],"crushed":[81],"high":[83],"densities":[84],"can":[86],"access":[87],"similarly":[89],"gravitational":[94],"solutions.":[96],"While":[97],"cannot":[99],"estimate":[100],"specific":[101],"quantities":[102],"at":[103],"point,":[105],"qualitative":[107],"analysis":[108],"suggests":[109],"spreading":[111],"creates":[115],"extra":[117],"\"push\"":[118],"expanding":[119],"Universe":[121],"larger":[123],"volumes.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}