{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128737529","doi":null,"title":"'At Light Speed' - Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare","display_name":"'At Light Speed' - Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128737529","mag":"2128737529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:jclc-7260","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol97/iss2/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1008542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103338701","display_name":"Susan W. Brenner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan W. Brenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dayton School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dayton School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103338701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3415156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"2","first_page":"379","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.026399999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"cybercrime","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-warfare","display_name":"cyber warfare","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-attribution","display_name":"attack attribution","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-response","display_name":"military response","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-law","display_name":"cyber law","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-sovereignty","display_name":"state sovereignty","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transnational-threats","display_name":"transnational threats","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.7950940728187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.6972031593322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6665234565734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.6525973677635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6196468472480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6184208393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5590006709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5504516363143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4776914417743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14783702","display_name":"Law of war","level":3,"score":0.46129143238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4336462616920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.36826592683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3294405937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.2598748207092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24872249364852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.18827062845230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16323351860046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15014195442199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1077151894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0920553207397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu:jclc-7260","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol97/iss2/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2128737529","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1008542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121806972","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2322726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66810094","display_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","issn_l":"0091-4169","issn":["0091-4169","2160-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316702","host_organization_name":"Northwestern University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Northwestern University School of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2128737529","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1008542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W601761463","https://openalex.org/W4393222404","https://openalex.org/W4233754142","https://openalex.org/W2345495655","https://openalex.org/W3124830496","https://openalex.org/W4254741141","https://openalex.org/W3041211241","https://openalex.org/W7044270706","https://openalex.org/W2956075017","https://openalex.org/W2901148038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nation-states":[0],"utilize":[1,70],"a":[2,25,40],"two-pronged":[3],"approach":[4],"for":[5,45,100,105],"maintaining":[6],"social":[7],"order:":[8],"They":[9],"use":[10,24],"military":[11],"forces":[12],"to":[13,48,69,78,87,97],"fend":[14],"off":[15],"external":[16,101],"threats":[17,98],"(warfare)":[18],"from":[19,121],"other":[20],"nation-states;":[21],"and":[22,29,39,54,86,117,125],"they":[23],"set":[26,41],"of":[27,42,60,82],"civil":[28],"criminal":[30],"laws,":[31],"the":[32,58,80,115,122],"latter":[33],"enforced":[34],"by":[35],"law":[36,103],"enforcement":[37,104],"officers":[38],"legal":[43,116],"procedures":[44],"sanctioning":[46],"violators,":[47],"maintain":[49],"internal":[50,61],"order.":[51],"Both":[52],"crime":[53],"terrorism":[55],"fall":[56],"into":[57],"category":[59],"threat":[62],"-":[63],"crime.":[64],"Cyberspace":[65],"challenges":[66,119],"nation-states'":[67],"ability":[68],"this":[71],"scheme":[72],"effectively":[73],"because":[74,107],"it":[75],"becomes":[76],"difficult":[77],"parse":[79],"nation":[81],"an":[83],"attack":[84],"(attack-attribution)":[85],"identify":[88],"attackers":[89],"(attacker-attribution).":[90],"It":[91],"also":[92],"creates":[93],"problems":[94],"in":[95],"responding":[96],"(military":[99],"threats,":[102],"internal)":[106],"territorial":[108],"borders":[109],"become":[110],"permeable.":[111],"This":[112],"article":[113],"explores":[114],"analytical":[118],"arising":[120],"attack-attribution,":[123],"attacker-attribution":[124],"response":[126],"processes.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
