{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128668568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","title":"Recent progress in amplified undersea systems","display_name":"Recent progress in amplified undersea systems","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128668568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","mag":"2128668568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/50.387799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113491846","display_name":"H. Taga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Taga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111453910","display_name":"Noboru Edagawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Edagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020432336","display_name":"S. Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-2477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-2477"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019949321","display_name":"S. Akiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-503X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-503X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Akiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Laboratories, KDD, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDD Kamifukuoka R&D Labs., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94276588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"829","last_page":"840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-amplifiers","display_name":"optical amplifiers","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-nonlinearity","display_name":"fiber nonlinearity","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-dependence","display_name":"polarization dependence","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation-direct-detection","display_name":"intensity modulation and direct detection","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recirculation-loop","display_name":"recirculating loop","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-maintenance","display_name":"system maintenance","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"wavelength division multiplexing","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-solitons","display_name":"optical solitons","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41112130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146175","display_name":"Retiming","level":2,"score":0.6700116395950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6157810091972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.5977057814598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5880523920059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.578842043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5763323903083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.560693621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86180272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529430","display_name":"Fiber-optic communication","level":5,"score":0.516758382320404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4726511538028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146199129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446365","display_name":"Fiber optic splitter","level":4,"score":0.4672439396381378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.45387521386146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4376028776168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4185212254524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.36845964193344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3541276454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23820772767066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19583547115325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.1630915105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/50.387799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.387799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585641754","https://openalex.org/W1653049181","https://openalex.org/W1965400258","https://openalex.org/W1968944739","https://openalex.org/W1971783128","https://openalex.org/W1972374557","https://openalex.org/W1973825145","https://openalex.org/W1976304920","https://openalex.org/W1980395059","https://openalex.org/W1991460757","https://openalex.org/W1994036699","https://openalex.org/W1997060716","https://openalex.org/W1997915809","https://openalex.org/W1997974002","https://openalex.org/W2000507282","https://openalex.org/W2001444177","https://openalex.org/W2002719783","https://openalex.org/W2008031320","https://openalex.org/W2009677918","https://openalex.org/W2012868827","https://openalex.org/W2013170488","https://openalex.org/W2014612966","https://openalex.org/W2021253899","https://openalex.org/W2023183871","https://openalex.org/W2029340769","https://openalex.org/W2032114525","https://openalex.org/W2033550932","https://openalex.org/W2038997510","https://openalex.org/W2039160501","https://openalex.org/W2043194141","https://openalex.org/W2045190115","https://openalex.org/W2049713721","https://openalex.org/W2050248578","https://openalex.org/W2057185586","https://openalex.org/W2059839744","https://openalex.org/W2064261537","https://openalex.org/W2065190966","https://openalex.org/W2065584639","https://openalex.org/W2073987495","https://openalex.org/W2080914459","https://openalex.org/W2094630412","https://openalex.org/W2101278856","https://openalex.org/W2107368846","https://openalex.org/W2107644120","https://openalex.org/W2114246415","https://openalex.org/W2119372855","https://openalex.org/W2121228215","https://openalex.org/W2130611700","https://openalex.org/W2144754854","https://openalex.org/W2146281613","https://openalex.org/W2155059329","https://openalex.org/W2155707776","https://openalex.org/W2156453177","https://openalex.org/W2160801604","https://openalex.org/W2162133349","https://openalex.org/W2164239062","https://openalex.org/W2166880361","https://openalex.org/W2170212751","https://openalex.org/W2171414991","https://openalex.org/W2176294561","https://openalex.org/W2240539621","https://openalex.org/W2313022057","https://openalex.org/W2313160080","https://openalex.org/W2316547180","https://openalex.org/W2317418110","https://openalex.org/W2325125893","https://openalex.org/W2326566708","https://openalex.org/W2329189697","https://openalex.org/W2370869587","https://openalex.org/W6682751470","https://openalex.org/W6698756729","https://openalex.org/W6699496927","https://openalex.org/W6701286586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324281792","https://openalex.org/W2058436255","https://openalex.org/W2021907705","https://openalex.org/W2323774825","https://openalex.org/W1982439218","https://openalex.org/W2009068746","https://openalex.org/W280638671","https://openalex.org/W2094768822","https://openalex.org/W2146307254","https://openalex.org/W2324470009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,62,106,120,138],"advent":[1],"of":[2,11,39,58,75,96,114],"the":[3,8,12,15,33,40,48,55,59,72,76,87,93,97,110,115,149,152],"optical":[4,103,153],"amplifiers":[5],"has":[6,27],"removed":[7],"loss":[9],"limitation":[10,68,84,107],"fiber":[13,63,135],"in":[14,47,86],"conventional":[16,49,88,124],"undersea":[17,34,98],"systems":[18,101],"using":[19,129],"3R":[20],"(retiming,":[21],"reshaping,":[22],"regenerating)":[23],"repeaters,":[24],"and":[25,109,133],"it":[26,80],"introduced":[28],"new":[29],"design":[30],"criteria":[31],"for":[32],"lightwave":[35,99],"systems.":[36],"accumulation":[38],"small":[41],"impairment":[42],"factors":[43,108],"that":[44,70],"was":[45,81],"negligible":[46],"system":[50,117,121,139],"becomes":[51],"significant":[52],"to":[53],"determine":[54],"transmission":[56,73,136],"performances":[57],"amplified":[60,77,116],"system.":[61,89],"nonlinearity":[64],"is":[65,142],"a":[66,83],"distinctive":[67],"factor":[69,85],"dominates":[71],"performance":[74],"system,":[78],"although":[79],"not":[82],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"describes":[92],"recent":[94],"progress":[95],"cable":[100],"employing":[102],"amplifier":[104],"repeaters.":[105],"polarization":[111],"dependent":[112],"characteristics":[113],"are":[118,127,155],"described.":[119],"demonstrations":[122],"with":[123],"IM-DD":[125],"technology":[126],"presented":[128],"both":[130],"recirculating":[131],"loop":[132],"straight":[134],"line.":[137],"maintenance":[140],"method":[141],"also":[143,156],"explained":[144],"briefly.":[145],"Future":[146],"technologies":[147],"adopting":[148],"WDM":[150],"or":[151],"solitons":[154],"discussed.>":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}