{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128564251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","title":"Polymorphism in Human Organic Cation Transporters and Metformin Action","display_name":"Polymorphism in Human Organic Cation Transporters and Metformin Action","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128564251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","mag":"2128564251","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18384255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190377370","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","issn_l":"1462-2416","issn":["1462-2416","1744-8042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321119","host_organization_name":"Future Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321119"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Future Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110260870","display_name":"Hiroshi Takane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123591","display_name":"Tottori University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa1wy25","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Takane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075364335","display_name":"Eriko Shikata","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123591","display_name":"Tottori University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa1wy25","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4588055","display_name":"Tottori University","ror":"https://ror.org/024yc3q36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eriko Shikata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan","tottori university"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"tottori university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102186919","display_name":"Kenji Otsubo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123591","display_name":"Tottori University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa1wy25","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4588055","display_name":"Tottori University","ror":"https://ror.org/024yc3q36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Otsubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan","tottori university"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"tottori university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4588055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111436281","display_name":"Shun Higuchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Higuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071192697","display_name":"Ichiro Ieiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-2562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-2562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ichiro Ieiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77941176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"415","last_page":"422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-cation-transporters","display_name":"organic cation transporters","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oct1","display_name":"OCT1","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oct2","display_name":"OCT2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-polymorphism","display_name":"genetic polymorphism","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenetics","display_name":"pharmacogenetics","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-response-variability","display_name":"drug response variability","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-transport","display_name":"drug transport","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.960193932056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189613389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70479817","display_name":"Organic cation transport proteins","level":4,"score":0.9028420448303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142880","display_name":"Biguanide","level":4,"score":0.798503041267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.7009603977203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6011852622032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5863667130470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200082930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327148","display_name":"Efflux","level":2,"score":0.562744677066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.47274670004844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149011108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652985","display_name":"Transporter","level":3,"score":0.4384264051914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.41041839122772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.36826014518737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.33217373490333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.30670347809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25035524368286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1760038137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12927773594856262}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027701","descriptor_name":"Organic Cation Transport Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D027701","descriptor_name":"Organic Cation Transport Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.4.415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190377370","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","issn_l":"1462-2416","issn":["1462-2416","1744-8042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321119","host_organization_name":"Future Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321119"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Future Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18384255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18384255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacogenomics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10195258","https://openalex.org/W1486126828","https://openalex.org/W1584324651","https://openalex.org/W1966752296","https://openalex.org/W1975588287","https://openalex.org/W1976818967","https://openalex.org/W1980984502","https://openalex.org/W1990738536","https://openalex.org/W1991165701","https://openalex.org/W1997003352","https://openalex.org/W1997038641","https://openalex.org/W1998206026","https://openalex.org/W2003262820","https://openalex.org/W2010238890","https://openalex.org/W2013793754","https://openalex.org/W2020823336","https://openalex.org/W2024913341","https://openalex.org/W2027804378","https://openalex.org/W2034886511","https://openalex.org/W2039212784","https://openalex.org/W2046029184","https://openalex.org/W2046503553","https://openalex.org/W2047944613","https://openalex.org/W2053422488","https://openalex.org/W2055518481","https://openalex.org/W2056347227","https://openalex.org/W2059649085","https://openalex.org/W2061748379","https://openalex.org/W2064413682","https://openalex.org/W2071283070","https://openalex.org/W2079073137","https://openalex.org/W2084513141","https://openalex.org/W2085689051","https://openalex.org/W2086594339","https://openalex.org/W2086818413","https://openalex.org/W2091831319","https://openalex.org/W2126914591","https://openalex.org/W2128358586","https://openalex.org/W2136667764","https://openalex.org/W2138226825","https://openalex.org/W2143489360","https://openalex.org/W2144280397","https://openalex.org/W2147839361","https://openalex.org/W2148561001","https://openalex.org/W2153795107","https://openalex.org/W2156244027","https://openalex.org/W2157721092","https://openalex.org/W2196515255","https://openalex.org/W2315982688","https://openalex.org/W4245367233","https://openalex.org/W7047394103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021938846","https://openalex.org/W2809701930","https://openalex.org/W2461812463","https://openalex.org/W3030956521","https://openalex.org/W6976551713","https://openalex.org/W2371534928","https://openalex.org/W2079073137","https://openalex.org/W4308578459","https://openalex.org/W4317903664","https://openalex.org/W1997003352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considerable":[0],"interindividual":[1],"variabilities":[2],"in":[3,12,31,58,101,114],"clinical":[4,32,142],"efficacy":[5,143],"and":[6,34,39,96,104,137],"adverse":[7],"events":[8],"are":[9,62],"sometimes":[10],"recognized":[11],"the":[13,26,56,78,124,127,138,141],"treatment":[14],"of":[15,126,130,144],"Type":[16],"2":[17],"diabetes":[18],"mellitus":[19],"with":[20,112],"oral":[21],"antihyperglycemic":[22],"drugs.":[23,119],"Metformin":[24,80],"is":[25,81,85],"most":[27],"commonly":[28],"used":[29],"biguanide":[30],"practice,":[33],"also":[35],"improves":[36],"insulin":[37],"resistance":[38],"reduces":[40],"cardiovascular":[41],"risk.":[42],"However,":[43,65],"certain":[44],"patients":[45],"taking":[46],"metformin":[47,61],"do":[48],"not":[49,63,82],"respond":[50],"sufficiently.":[51],"The":[52],"molecular":[53],"reasons":[54],"for":[55,77,140],"variability":[57],"response":[59],"to":[60,109,117],"clear.":[64],"it":[66],"has":[67],"been":[68,107],"recently":[69],"suggested":[70],"that":[71],"genetic":[72,99,128],"factors":[73],"may":[74],"be":[75,110],"responsible":[76],"variability.":[79],"metabolized":[83],"but":[84],"transported":[86],"by":[87],"at":[88],"least":[89],"two":[90],"organic":[91,131],"cation":[92,132],"transporters":[93,133],"(OCT),":[94],"OCT1":[95],"OCT2.":[97],"Recently,":[98],"polymorphisms":[100],"OCT":[102],"1":[103],"OCT2":[105],"have":[106],"found":[108],"associated":[111],"changes":[113],"pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic":[115],"responses":[116],"substrate":[118],"This":[120],"review":[121],"focuses":[122],"on":[123,134],"impact":[125],"polymorphism":[129],"transport":[135],"activity,":[136],"implications":[139],"metformin.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
