{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128417465","doi":null,"title":"The Syntax and Acquisition of Negative Polarity Items in Heritage Korean","display_name":"The Syntax and Acquisition of Negative Polarity Items in Heritage Korean","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128417465","mag":"2128417465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/10254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.proquest.com/docview/1115148922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023275159","display_name":"Sok-Ju Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sok-Ju Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023275159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.6669999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.6669999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.19359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-polarity-items","display_name":"negative polarity items","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-syntax","display_name":"Korean syntax","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/npi-licensing","display_name":"NPI licensing","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-acquisition","display_name":"age of acquisition","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticality-judgment","display_name":"grammaticality judgment","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptability-judgments","display_name":"acceptability judgments","score":0.9200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.7216966152191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.6870946884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.57625412940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3853105306625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37538576126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3627379238605499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15301957726478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10932061076164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/10254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.proquest.com/docview/1115148922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2128417465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10254/1/Kim_ku_0099D_12269_DATA_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16377254","https://openalex.org/W53166321","https://openalex.org/W142659033","https://openalex.org/W198439930","https://openalex.org/W609817705","https://openalex.org/W639641627","https://openalex.org/W1496327946","https://openalex.org/W1508169795","https://openalex.org/W1518277791","https://openalex.org/W1520089930","https://openalex.org/W1977578854","https://openalex.org/W1980240171","https://openalex.org/W1983193336","https://openalex.org/W1987324481","https://openalex.org/W1996672843","https://openalex.org/W2023220305","https://openalex.org/W2026055743","https://openalex.org/W2034658764","https://openalex.org/W2044275064","https://openalex.org/W2058401687","https://openalex.org/W2066826790","https://openalex.org/W2107117028","https://openalex.org/W2113148972","https://openalex.org/W2115639689","https://openalex.org/W2121537412","https://openalex.org/W2127041292","https://openalex.org/W2166754847","https://openalex.org/W2170921342","https://openalex.org/W2507109727","https://openalex.org/W3032817085","https://openalex.org/W3035838147","https://openalex.org/W3122538446","https://openalex.org/W3217229917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754261860","https://openalex.org/W611428886","https://openalex.org/W2554648554","https://openalex.org/W2964240317","https://openalex.org/W2287768917","https://openalex.org/W4413203795","https://openalex.org/W2278613044","https://openalex.org/W2766593935","https://openalex.org/W4413299890","https://openalex.org/W117707725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"dissertation":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,37,49,112,122,134,151,180,197,208,263,287,314],"syntax":[4,113],"and":[5,24,82,114,159,186,228,294,338,342],"acquisition":[6,115,190,200],"of":[7,16,52,87,106,116,137,140,155,161,179,189,191,199,201,207,266,271,279,290,299,304,317,320],"Korean":[8,19,31,46,60,81,93,100,131,148,152,168,209],"negative":[9,53],"polarity":[10,54],"items":[11,55],"(NPIs)":[12,56],"in":[13,36,57,118,176,196,203,215,313,336],"two":[14,216],"groups":[15,309],"adult":[17],"heritage":[18,22,27,45,130,147,167,247,259,272,284,307,328],"speakers:":[20],"simultaneous":[21],"speakers":[23,28,47,132,149,169,248,260,273,285],"early":[25],"sequential":[26],"who":[29],"speak":[30],"as":[32,275,277],"a":[33,194,221,300],"minority/heritage":[34],"language":[35],"United":[38],"States.":[39],"The":[40,205,232,246],"present":[41],"study":[42],"examines":[43],"how":[44,187],"acquire":[48],"syntactic":[50],"properties":[51,63,72,154,206,265,289],"Heritage":[58,119],"Korean.":[59,204],"NPIs":[61,117,202],"have":[62],"that":[64,73,258,278],"they":[65],"share":[66],"with":[67,220,235,240],"English":[68,77,83,175,192],"NPIs,":[69,142,162,183],"but":[70],"also":[71],"are":[74],"distinct":[75],"from":[76,174],"NPIs.":[78,89,97,109,323],"More":[79],"specifically,":[80],"allow":[84,103],"local":[85,138,268],"licensing":[86,105,139,158,178,293,319,341],"object":[88,108,141,182,227,322,337],"However,":[90,297],"unlike":[91],"English,":[92],"has":[94],"matrix":[95],"subject":[96,156,229,291,339],"In":[98,282,324],"addition,":[99,283],"does":[101],"not":[102,334],"long-distance":[104,177,318],"embedded":[107,181,321],"I":[110],"investigate":[111],"Korean,":[120],"exploring":[121],"following":[123],"research":[124],"questions:":[125],"(i)":[126],"to":[127,144,164],"what":[128,145,165],"extent":[129,146],"maintain":[133,150],"shared":[135,264],"property":[136,316],"(ii)":[143],"language-specific":[153],"NPI":[157,230,244,267,292,295,340,343],"scrambling":[160],"(iii)":[163],"degree":[166,198],"show":[170],"potential":[171,311],"transfer":[172,312],"effects":[173,332],"(iv)":[184],"whether":[185],"age":[188,331],"plays":[193],"role":[195],"NPI,":[210],"amwuto":[211],"`anyone'":[212],"were":[213,249,333],"investigated":[214],"experiments.":[217],"One":[218],"is":[219,234],"Grammaticality":[222],"Judgment":[223,238],"Task":[224,239],"which":[225,242],"tests":[226,243],"licensing.":[231,269],"other":[233],"an":[236],"Acceptability":[237,270],"contexts,":[241],"scrambling.":[245,296,344],"at":[250],"intermediate":[251],"or":[252],"advanced":[253,302],"proficiency.":[254],"Overall":[255],"results":[256],"showed":[257],"fully":[261],"acquired":[262,286],"was":[274],"high":[276],"native":[280],"speakers.":[281],"Korean-specific":[288],"regardless":[298],"mostly":[301],"level":[303],"proficiency,":[305],"both":[306,327],"speaker":[308,329],"demonstrated":[310],"English-specific":[315],"comparison":[325],"between":[326],"groups,":[330],"detected":[335]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-20T07:33:13.661266","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
