{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128301658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","title":"Bacterial-induced release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells","display_name":"Bacterial-induced release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128301658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","mag":"2128301658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/9/9/1913.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/9/9/1913.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111704134","display_name":"OA Khair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802918412","display_name":"London Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhk7994","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I225661044","https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OA Khair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London Chest Hospital, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London Chest Hospital, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111576818","display_name":"R.J. Davies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307195382","display_name":"St Bartholomew's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00nh9x179","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382","https://openalex.org/I225661044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802918412","display_name":"London Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhk7994","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I225661044","https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RJ Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases , St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London","Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The London Chest Hospital, London, UK","School of Medicine and Dentistry","The London Chest Hospital Bonner Road London E2 9LX UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases , St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The London Chest Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Dentistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The London Chest Hospital Bonner Road London E2 9LX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113517243","display_name":"Jagdish L. Devalia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307195382","display_name":"St Bartholomew's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00nh9x179","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382","https://openalex.org/I225661044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802918412","display_name":"London Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhk7994","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I225661044","https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JL Devalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London","Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The London Chest Hospital, London, UK","School of Medicine and Dentistry","The London Chest Hospital Bonner Road London E2 9LX UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Asthma and Allergic Respiratory Diseases, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The London Chest Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Dentistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The London Chest Hospital Bonner Road London E2 9LX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802918412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":187,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71114865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"1913","last_page":"1922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.14159999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.13510000705718994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haemophilus-influenzae","display_name":"Haemophilus influenzae","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-bronchitis","display_name":"chronic bronchitis","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchial-epithelial-cells","display_name":"bronchial epithelial cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endotoxin","display_name":"endotoxin","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-8","display_name":"interleukin-8","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icam-1","display_name":"ICAM-1","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-chemotaxis","display_name":"neutrophil chemotaxis","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-adhesion","display_name":"neutrophil adhesion","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-inflammation","display_name":"airway inflammation","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.8754645586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87568996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428754","display_name":"Respiratory epithelium","level":3,"score":0.6393944025039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6302458643913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6179625391960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.6128247976303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.5901987552642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992694001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173022","display_name":"Chronic bronchitis","level":2,"score":0.5241946578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68324877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421859","display_name":"Interleukin 8","level":3,"score":0.5116065144538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4953817129135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529295009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301","display_name":"Epithelium","level":2,"score":0.46678102016448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141979","display_name":"Haemophilus influenzae","level":3,"score":0.46211957931518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.4463276267051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.42549216747283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194908","display_name":"Interleukin","level":3,"score":0.42145439982414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.29093995690345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21435365080833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07217967510223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001991","descriptor_name":"Bronchitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001991","descriptor_name":"Bronchitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001991","descriptor_name":"Bronchitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002448","descriptor_name":"Cell Adhesion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002634","descriptor_name":"Chemotaxis, Leukocyte","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004727","descriptor_name":"Endothelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004731","descriptor_name":"Endotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004731","descriptor_name":"Endotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004848","descriptor_name":"Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004848","descriptor_name":"Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006193","descriptor_name":"Haemophilus influenzae","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009504","descriptor_name":"Neutrophils","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010447","descriptor_name":"Peptide Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015815","descriptor_name":"Cell Adhesion Molecules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016209","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-8","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018375","descriptor_name":"Neutrophil Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018799","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018836","descriptor_name":"Inflammation Mediators","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/9/9/1913.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8880112","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2188276410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/9/9/1913.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09091913","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/9/9/1913.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128301658.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128301658.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136462","https://openalex.org/W27933621","https://openalex.org/W44216542","https://openalex.org/W151684082","https://openalex.org/W191913208","https://openalex.org/W225734442","https://openalex.org/W268510633","https://openalex.org/W1492781851","https://openalex.org/W1501935155","https://openalex.org/W1512071494","https://openalex.org/W1533977973","https://openalex.org/W1543006452","https://openalex.org/W1596003895","https://openalex.org/W1636221253","https://openalex.org/W1666992496","https://openalex.org/W1727599135","https://openalex.org/W1729332853","https://openalex.org/W1864963307","https://openalex.org/W1880660609","https://openalex.org/W1923653083","https://openalex.org/W1925725099","https://openalex.org/W1946578458","https://openalex.org/W1949347357","https://openalex.org/W1957385030","https://openalex.org/W1966286149","https://openalex.org/W1967108585","https://openalex.org/W1971664259","https://openalex.org/W1973313699","https://openalex.org/W1973485202","https://openalex.org/W1974540875","https://openalex.org/W1978262706","https://openalex.org/W1979560691","https://openalex.org/W1980722886","https://openalex.org/W1985260514","https://openalex.org/W1986992784","https://openalex.org/W1987557547","https://openalex.org/W1989668401","https://openalex.org/W1991888667","https://openalex.org/W1993072895","https://openalex.org/W1997341879","https://openalex.org/W1998221673","https://openalex.org/W2006367658","https://openalex.org/W2010960519","https://openalex.org/W2012598735","https://openalex.org/W2012906489","https://openalex.org/W2017081931","https://openalex.org/W2018356479","https://openalex.org/W2019773919","https://openalex.org/W2020639979","https://openalex.org/W2031051797","https://openalex.org/W2031252096","https://openalex.org/W2031364001","https://openalex.org/W2032159430","https://openalex.org/W2047064417","https://openalex.org/W2059979254","https://openalex.org/W2062923301","https://openalex.org/W2071607357","https://openalex.org/W2082618381","https://openalex.org/W2092726661","https://openalex.org/W2097483036","https://openalex.org/W2107223821","https://openalex.org/W2107743100","https://openalex.org/W2115377133","https://openalex.org/W2118477707","https://openalex.org/W2123884323","https://openalex.org/W2125270255","https://openalex.org/W2126342903","https://openalex.org/W2126440278","https://openalex.org/W2126648878","https://openalex.org/W2130950961","https://openalex.org/W2132040583","https://openalex.org/W2137034619","https://openalex.org/W2156118816","https://openalex.org/W2158183641","https://openalex.org/W2159750628","https://openalex.org/W2163467965","https://openalex.org/W2165365379","https://openalex.org/W2167764046","https://openalex.org/W2237488457","https://openalex.org/W2308982384","https://openalex.org/W2407028314","https://openalex.org/W2415633881","https://openalex.org/W2416228814","https://openalex.org/W2416706212","https://openalex.org/W2473789290","https://openalex.org/W2498448928","https://openalex.org/W4254896027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189077144","https://openalex.org/W2032159430","https://openalex.org/W2126973528","https://openalex.org/W2071261878","https://openalex.org/W2460780154","https://openalex.org/W1568629805","https://openalex.org/W1925725099","https://openalex.org/W2189208168","https://openalex.org/W2140742220","https://openalex.org/W1978227555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,145],"review":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,149,173],"bacterial":[4,37,140],"induction":[5,68],"and":[6,11,42,67,103,119,164,180,219,245,286],"release":[7,129,237,261],"of":[8,39,56,61,69,78,100,111,121,127,130,157,189,200,213,238,251,262],"inflammatory":[9,264],"cytokines":[10],"adhesion":[12,247,287],"molecules":[13],"by":[14,108,139,198],"human":[15,202,289],"bronchial":[16,203],"epithelial":[17,79,88,183,204],"cells,":[18],"with":[19,29,254],"special":[20],"reference":[21],"to":[22,53,58,232,288],"Haemophilus":[23],"influenzae,":[24],"a":[25,70,125,186],"pathogen":[26],"commonly":[27],"associated":[28],"chronic":[30,44,92],"bronchitis.":[31],"Studies":[32],"investigating":[33],"the":[34,40,59,64,76,85,114,117,122,134,155,209,252,258],"mechanisms":[35],"underlying":[36],"colonization":[38],"airways":[41],"bacterial-induced":[43],"airway":[45,72,87,182],"inflammation":[46,73],"have":[47,82,152,170,226,269],"suggested":[48],"that":[49,84,154,181,228,271],"these":[50,190,229,263,267],"are":[51,176,185],"likely":[52],"involve":[54],"localization":[55],"bacteria":[57],"site(s)":[60],"infection":[62],"in":[63,75,91,178,208,292],"respiratory":[65,136],"tract":[66],"local":[71],"resulting":[74],"initiation":[77],"damage.":[80],"We":[81],"hypothesized":[83],"gross":[86],"damage":[89],"observed":[90],"infective":[93],"lung":[94],"disease":[95],"is":[96,124,147,196],"an":[97],"indirect":[98],"consequence":[99,126],"proteolytic":[101],"enzymes":[102],"toxic":[104],"oxygen":[105],"radicals":[106],"generated":[107],"large":[109],"numbers":[110],"neutrophils":[112,123],"infiltrating":[113],"airways.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"infiltration":[118],"activation":[120],"increased":[128,177,234],"proinflammatory":[131,239],"mediators":[132],"from":[133,217,275],"host":[135],"epithelium,":[137],"induced":[138],"products,":[141],"such":[142,160],"as":[143,161],"endotoxin.":[144],"hypothesis":[146,195],"based":[148],"studies":[150,199,268],"which":[151,169,225],"demonstrated":[153,227,270],"concentrations":[156],"circulating":[158],"cytokines,":[159],"interleukin":[162],"(IL)-8":[163],"tumour":[165],"necrosis":[166],"factor-alpha":[167],"(TNF-alpha),":[168],"profound":[171],"effects":[172],"neutrophil":[174,284],"activity,":[175],"endotoxaemia":[179],"cells":[184,205,253,291],"rich":[187],"source":[188],"cytokines.":[191],"Support":[192],"for":[193],"this":[194],"provided":[197],"cultured":[201],"incubated":[206],"either":[207],"absence":[210],"or":[211],"presence":[212],"purified":[214],"endotoxin":[215],"preparations":[216],"nontypable":[218],"type":[220],"b":[221],"H.":[222],"influenzae":[223],"strains":[224],"endotoxins":[230],"lead":[231],"significantly":[233,282],"expression":[235,259],"and/or":[236,260],"mediators,":[240],"including":[241],"IL-6,":[242],"IL-8,":[243],"TNF-alpha":[244],"intercellular":[246],"molecule-1":[248],"(ICAM-1).":[249],"Treatment":[250],"steroids":[255],"can":[256],"downregulate":[257],"mediators.":[265],"Additionally,":[266],"culture":[272],"medium":[273],"collected":[274],"endotoxin-treated":[276],"cultures,":[277],"24":[278],"h":[279],"after":[280],"treatment,":[281],"increases":[283],"chemotaxis":[285],"endothelial":[290],"vitro.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}