{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128269697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","title":"Fluorescent Imaging of a Dual-Pathway Atrioventricular-Nodal Conduction System","display_name":"Fluorescent Imaging of a Dual-Pathway Atrioventricular-Nodal Conduction System","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128269697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","mag":"2128269697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11179207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.88.3.e23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10652568","display_name":"Circulation Research","issn_l":"0009-7330","issn":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.88.3.e23","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111928908","display_name":"Vladimir P. Nikolski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Nikolski","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001025616","display_name":"Igor R. Efimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-5039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-5039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor R. Efimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91302796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"3","first_page":"E23","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.7070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.7070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.2912999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry","display_name":"atrioventricular nodal reentry","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-pathway","display_name":"fast pathway","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-pathway","display_name":"slow pathway","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrioventricular-node","display_name":"atrioventricular node","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrograde-conduction","display_name":"retrograde conduction","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangle-of-koch","display_name":"triangle of Koch","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-mapping","display_name":"optical mapping","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/his-bundle","display_name":"His bundle","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reentrant-circuit","display_name":"reentrant circuit","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-tachycardia","display_name":"atrial tachycardia","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rabbits","display_name":"rabbits","score":0.8059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83330619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21124872","display_name":"NODAL","level":2,"score":0.747198760509491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.6080960035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776024998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509053","display_name":"Atrioventricular node","level":3,"score":0.4847087860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205583638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7046607","display_name":"Nodal signaling","level":5,"score":0.47962531447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4557996392250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104397207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72711","display_name":"Electrical conduction system of the heart","level":3,"score":0.44587987661361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3889867663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33782151341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33056849241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3206305503845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.24492889642715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.20295581221580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14869236946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1417287290096283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129536746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141026","display_name":"Gastrulation","level":4,"score":0.12220489978790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780283014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209583","display_name":"Tachycardia","level":2,"score":0.10722675919532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07365778088569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87073359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryogenesis","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001283","descriptor_name":"Atrioventricular Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001283","descriptor_name":"Atrioventricular Node","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002036","descriptor_name":"Bundle of His","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005453","descriptor_name":"Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011726","descriptor_name":"Pyridinium Compounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011817","descriptor_name":"Rabbits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.88.3.e23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10652568","display_name":"Circulation Research","issn_l":"0009-7330","issn":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11179207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11179207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.88.3.e23","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.88.3.e23","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10652568","display_name":"Circulation Research","issn_l":"0009-7330","issn":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1253118530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL-58808","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8923244096","display_name":"STRUCTURE/FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF THE AV NODE","funder_award_id":"R01HL058808","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128269697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128269697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96928880","https://openalex.org/W1493851469","https://openalex.org/W1535200077","https://openalex.org/W1968990812","https://openalex.org/W1979192856","https://openalex.org/W1996952770","https://openalex.org/W2012144020","https://openalex.org/W2032515476","https://openalex.org/W2041680502","https://openalex.org/W2043472762","https://openalex.org/W2061530597","https://openalex.org/W2068084185","https://openalex.org/W2074852956","https://openalex.org/W2080606146","https://openalex.org/W2087822448","https://openalex.org/W2124070857","https://openalex.org/W2148912286","https://openalex.org/W2169043767","https://openalex.org/W2227076726","https://openalex.org/W2323574515","https://openalex.org/W2332412999","https://openalex.org/W2470792987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989621292","https://openalex.org/W2126332875","https://openalex.org/W2138552368","https://openalex.org/W4407596747","https://openalex.org/W2182496386","https://openalex.org/W2062561980","https://openalex.org/W2006412862","https://openalex.org/W2093801332","https://openalex.org/W2087822448","https://openalex.org/W4389953347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,76],"dual-pathway":[1],"theory":[2],"to":[3,37,82,146],"explain":[4],"atrioventricular-nodal":[5],"(AVN)":[6],"reentry":[7,51],"has":[8],"been":[9,31],"proposed":[10],"previously.":[11],"However,":[12],"the":[13,20,46,53,68,92,108,111,135,152,161,171,176],"exact":[14],"anatomical":[15],"and":[16,24,48,79,88,125,175,182],"functional":[17,77,189],"correlates":[18],"of":[19,40,55,57,67,70,91,110,113,141,151,180,187,198,204],"fast":[21],"pathway":[22,26],"(FP)":[23],"slow":[25],"(SP)":[27],"have":[28],"not":[29],"yet":[30],"elucidated.":[32],"We":[33,164],"used":[34],"optical":[35],"mapping":[36],"reconstruct":[38],"patterns":[39],"activation":[41],"during":[42,49,148,191],"retrograde":[43,192],"conduction":[44,162,193],"through":[45],"AVN":[47,50,199],"in":[52,72,101,160],"triangles":[54],"Koch":[56,114],"12":[58],"rabbits.":[59],"Reentry":[60],"was":[61,155,194],"inducible":[62,118],"by":[63,157],"a":[64,158,166,188],"premature":[65],"stimulation":[66],"bundle":[69],"His":[71],"6":[73,102,117],"preparations":[74,104,119],"(50%).":[75],"FP":[78,124,145],"SP":[80,126,131,147,190],"appear":[81],"be":[83],"anatomically":[84],"correlated":[85],"with":[86,196],"posterior":[87],"posterolateral":[89],"extensions":[90],"AVN,":[93,172],"which":[94],"were":[95,105],"recently":[96],"described.":[97],"Retrograde":[98],"breakthrough":[99,142],"points":[100,143],"noninducible":[103],"clustered":[106],"near":[107,134],"apex":[109],"triangle":[112],"(FP),":[115],"whereas":[116],"had":[120],"either":[121],"cycle":[122],"length-dependent":[123],"exits":[127,132],"(n=3)":[128],"or":[129],"only":[130],"located":[133],"coronary":[136],"sinus":[137],"orifice.":[138],"The":[139,185,201],"shift":[140],"from":[144],"progressive":[149],"shortening":[150],"coupling":[153],"interval":[154],"accompanied":[156],"discontinuity":[159],"curve.":[163],"observed":[165],"transmural":[167],"reentrant":[168],"circuit":[169],"involving":[170],"FP,":[173],"SP,":[174],"superficial":[177],"endocardial":[178],"layer":[179],"atrial":[181],"transitional":[183],"cells.":[184],"presence":[186],"associated":[195],"inducibility":[197],"reentry.":[200],"full":[202],"text":[203],"this":[205],"article":[206],"is":[207],"available":[208],"at":[209],"http://www.circresaha.org.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
