{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128249883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","title":"Design Principles for Rapid Prototyping Forces Sensors Using 3-D Printing","display_name":"Design Principles for Rapid Prototyping Forces Sensors Using 3-D Printing","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128249883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","mag":"2128249883","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21874102","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3160640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13961689","display_name":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","issn_l":"1083-4435","issn":["1083-4435","1941-014X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3160640","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031995731","display_name":"Samuel B. Kesner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel B. Kesner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061751542","display_name":"Robert D. Howe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-227X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-227X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA","School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97874971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"866","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7401999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.7401999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.14810000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-sensor","display_name":"force sensor","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-prototyping","display_name":"rapid prototyping","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement-sensor","display_name":"displacement sensor","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-catheter","display_name":"robotic catheter","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-interface","display_name":"haptic interface","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-manipulators","display_name":"robot manipulators","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.6543815732002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128971","display_name":"Rapid prototyping","level":2,"score":0.6271802186965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.49439072608947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4875614047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48267510533332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.4396968483924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4212937355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4164920747280121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3741884231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3721410632133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3533669710159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3516101837158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15702775120735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10088512301445007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2160353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13961689","display_name":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","issn_l":"1083-4435","issn":["1083-4435","1941-014X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21874102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21874102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics : a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3160640","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3160640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ASME Trans Mechatron","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.658.7769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.658.7769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://biorobotics.harvard.edu/pubs/2011/journal/Kesner_TMECH_Online_2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/33439210","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33439210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3160640","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3160640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ASME Trans Mechatron","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5473125070","display_name":"Image-guided Intracardiac Beating Heart Surgery","funder_award_id":"R01HL073647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2862841","https://openalex.org/W1984767063","https://openalex.org/W1992634723","https://openalex.org/W2002882252","https://openalex.org/W2097381457","https://openalex.org/W2120315429","https://openalex.org/W2128702400","https://openalex.org/W2143473260","https://openalex.org/W2144113061","https://openalex.org/W2149028311","https://openalex.org/W2149206504","https://openalex.org/W2155300620","https://openalex.org/W2494090094","https://openalex.org/W6679235733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517256953","https://openalex.org/W3141920225","https://openalex.org/W3040091120","https://openalex.org/W7117872442","https://openalex.org/W4405490466","https://openalex.org/W4224283363","https://openalex.org/W4401809994","https://openalex.org/W3006917181","https://openalex.org/W7046546053","https://openalex.org/W2051847317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Force":[0],"sensors":[1,27],"provide":[2],"critical":[3],"information":[4],"for":[5,46,72,113],"robot":[6],"manipulators,":[7],"manufacturing":[8],"processes,":[9],"and":[10,32,49,80,86,90,106],"haptic":[11],"interfaces.":[12],"Commercial":[13],"force":[14,53,76,111,123],"sensors,":[15,77],"however,":[16,61],"are":[17,101],"generally":[18],"not":[19],"adapted":[20],"to":[21,43,94],"specific":[22],"system":[23],"requirements,":[24],"resulting":[25,122],"in":[26,96],"with":[28,129],"excess":[29],"size,":[30],"cost,":[31],"fragility.":[33],"To":[34],"overcome":[35],"these":[36],"issues,":[37],"3D":[38,91],"printers":[39],"can":[40,126],"be":[41],"used":[42],"create":[44],"components":[45],"the":[47,104,114,138],"quick":[48],"inexpensive":[50,85],"development":[51],"of":[52,56,108,116,132,137],"sensors.":[54],"Limitations":[55],"this":[57,67],"rapid":[58],"prototyping":[59],"technology,":[60],"require":[62],"specialized":[63],"design":[64,99,105],"principles.":[65],"In":[66],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"discuss":[70],"techniques":[71],"rapidly":[73],"developing":[74],"simple":[75,87],"including":[78],"selecting":[79],"attaching":[81],"metal":[82],"flexures,":[83],"using":[84],"displacement":[88],"transducers,":[89],"printing":[92],"features":[93],"aid":[95],"assembly.":[97],"These":[98],"methods":[100],"illustrated":[102],"through":[103],"fabrication":[107],"a":[109,117],"miniature":[110],"sensor":[112,124],"tip":[115],"robotic":[118],"catheter":[119],"system.":[120],"The":[121],"prototype":[125],"measure":[127],"forces":[128],"an":[130],"accuracy":[131],"as":[133,135],"low":[134],"2%":[136],"10":[139],"N":[140],"measurement":[141],"range.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}