{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128132811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","title":"Reviving Dying Springs: Climate Change Adaptation Experiments From the Sikkim Himalaya","display_name":"Reviving Dying Springs: Climate Change Adaptation Experiments From the Sikkim Himalaya","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128132811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","mag":"2128132811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","pdf_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-32/issue-1/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1/Reviving-Dying-Springs--Climate-Change-Adaptation-Experiments-From-the/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164158252","display_name":"Mountain Research and Development","issn_l":"0276-4741","issn":["0276-4741","1994-7151"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317840","host_organization_name":"International Mountain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Mountain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mountain Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-32/issue-1/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1/Reviving-Dying-Springs--Climate-Change-Adaptation-Experiments-From-the/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018255217","display_name":"Sandeep Tambe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-0011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-0011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801028658","display_name":"Government of Sikkim","ror":"https://ror.org/004kqsv83","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Tambe","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087536624","display_name":"Ghanashyam Kharel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801028658","display_name":"Government of Sikkim","ror":"https://ror.org/004kqsv83","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghanashyam Kharel","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031954180","display_name":"M. L. Arrawatia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801028658","display_name":"Government of Sikkim","ror":"https://ror.org/004kqsv83","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. L. Arrawatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Government of Sikkim, Forest Colony, Baluwakhani, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Government of Sikkim, Forest Colony, Baluwakhani, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071916798","display_name":"Himanshu Kulkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-6988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-6988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159060","display_name":"Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05tp36v93","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management, Plot 4, Lenyadri Society, Pashan, P"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management, Plot 4, Lenyadri Society, Pashan, P","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085067953","display_name":"Kaustubh Mahamuni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159060","display_name":"Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05tp36v93","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaustubh Mahamuni","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management, Plot 4, Lenyadri Society, Pashan, P"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management, Plot 4, Lenyadri Society, Pashan, P","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041274402","display_name":"Anil K. Ganeriwala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801028658","display_name":"Government of Sikkim","ror":"https://ror.org/004kqsv83","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Ganeriwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Rural Management and Development, Government of Sikkim, Gram Vikas Bhawan, Near Gover","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018255217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801028658"],"apc_list":{"value":850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":850},"apc_paid":{"value":850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":850},"fwci":8.2543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97623791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"62","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12083","display_name":"Karst Systems and Hydrogeology","score":0.21410000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12083","display_name":"Karst Systems and Hydrogeology","score":0.21410000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.20900000631809235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconfined-aquifer","display_name":"unconfined aquifer","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainwater-harvesting","display_name":"rainwater harvesting","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-discharge-decline","display_name":"spring discharge decline","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-water-supply","display_name":"rural water supply","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed-development","display_name":"watershed development","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sikkim-himalaya","display_name":"Sikkim Himalaya","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.7049134969711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.6374210119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83419821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137507","display_name":"Rainwater harvesting","level":2,"score":0.6213488578796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6160869002342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.48990267515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4641493558883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42562437057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.41315987706184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.35140693187713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22767657041549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14947229623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.10624149441719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.10305604338645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","pdf_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-32/issue-1/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1/Reviving-Dying-Springs--Climate-Change-Adaptation-Experiments-From-the/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164158252","display_name":"Mountain Research and Development","issn_l":"0276-4741","issn":["0276-4741","1994-7151"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317840","host_organization_name":"International Mountain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Mountain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mountain Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00079.1","pdf_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-32/issue-1/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1/Reviving-Dying-Springs--Climate-Change-Adaptation-Experiments-From-the/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164158252","display_name":"Mountain Research and Development","issn_l":"0276-4741","issn":["0276-4741","1994-7151"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317840","host_organization_name":"International Mountain Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Mountain Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mountain Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128132811.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128132811.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517226554","https://openalex.org/W1561347175","https://openalex.org/W1616516030","https://openalex.org/W1982967576","https://openalex.org/W2002513661","https://openalex.org/W2021523841","https://openalex.org/W2061005597","https://openalex.org/W2106456777","https://openalex.org/W2131781054","https://openalex.org/W2188836138","https://openalex.org/W2224806881","https://openalex.org/W2258529740","https://openalex.org/W2464773683","https://openalex.org/W2542629955","https://openalex.org/W2731258651","https://openalex.org/W2947257610","https://openalex.org/W3148819404","https://openalex.org/W3194434368","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4387664886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403302828","https://openalex.org/W3155420256","https://openalex.org/W2224806881","https://openalex.org/W6967595925","https://openalex.org/W4397036548","https://openalex.org/W4401629982","https://openalex.org/W3091993770","https://openalex.org/W4313653106","https://openalex.org/W2788939772","https://openalex.org/W4414714908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mountain":[0],"springs":[1,57,104,158,213,272],"emanating":[2],"naturally":[3],"from":[4,230],"unconfined":[5],"aquifers":[6],"are":[7],"the":[8,17,22,53,71,84,99,103,114,157,167,203,224,245,275,299],"primary":[9],"source":[10],"of":[11,24,55,83,93,102,121,132,156,277,283],"water":[12,290],"for":[13,109],"rural":[14,115,289],"households":[15,135],"in":[16,33,37,45,70,125,193,199,235,241,257,286,298],"Himalayan":[18,300],"region.":[19,64,301],"Due":[20],"to":[21,97,106,151,161,174,187,210,232,270,273],"impacts":[23],"climate":[25,293],"change":[26,294],"on":[27],"precipitation":[28],"patterns":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"rise":[32],"rainfall":[34],"intensity,":[35],"reduction":[36],"its":[38],"temporal":[39],"spread,":[40],"and":[41,105,171,196,217,260,281,292],"a":[42,81,119,148],"marked":[43],"decline":[44],"winter":[46],"rain,":[47],"coupled":[48],"with":[49,128,223],"other":[50,200],"anthropogenic":[51],"causes,":[52],"problem":[54],"dying":[56],"is":[58,185],"being":[59,80],"increasingly":[60],"felt":[61],"across":[62],"this":[63,94,278],"This":[65],"study":[66,95,280],"was":[67,96,159],"taken":[68],"up":[69],"Sikkim":[72],"Himalaya,":[73],"which":[74],"has":[75],"received":[76],"limited":[77],"attention":[78],"despite":[79],"part":[82],"Eastern":[85],"Himalaya":[86],"global":[87],"biodiversity":[88],"hot":[89],"spot.":[90],"The":[91,138,153,180,206,237],"objective":[92],"understand":[98],"basic":[100],"characteristics":[101],"demonstrate":[107],"methods":[108],"reviving":[110],"them.":[111],"We":[112,264],"found":[113,160],"landscape":[116],"dotted":[117],"by":[118,190,197],"network":[120],"microsprings":[122],"occurring":[123],"largely":[124],"farmers'":[126,258],"fields,":[127,259],"an":[129,143],"average":[130],"dependency":[131],"27":[133],"(\u00b130)":[134],"per":[136],"spring.":[137],"spring":[139,178],"discharge":[140,155,184,227],"generally":[141],"showed":[142,220],"annual":[144],"periodic":[145],"rhythm":[146],"suggesting":[147],"strong":[149],"response":[150],"rainfall.":[152],"mean":[154],"peak":[162],"at":[163],"51":[164],"L/min":[165,176,234],"during":[166,177],"postmonsoon":[168],"months":[169],"(September\u2013November)":[170],"then":[172],"diminish":[173],"8":[175],"(March\u2013May).":[179],"lean":[181,225],"period":[182,226],"(March\u2013May)":[183],"perceived":[186],"have":[188],"declined":[189],"nearly":[191],"50%":[192],"drought-prone":[194],"areas":[195,201,249],"35%":[198],"over":[202],"last":[204],"decade.":[205],"springshed":[207,242,284],"development":[208,243,285],"approach":[209],"revive":[211,271],"5":[212],"using":[214],"rainwater":[215,255],"harvesting":[216,256],"geohydrology":[218],"techniques":[219],"encouraging":[221],"results,":[222],"increasing":[228],"substantially":[229],"4.4":[231],"14.4":[233],"2010\u20132011.":[236],"major":[238],"challenges":[239],"faced":[240],"were":[244],"following:":[246],"identifying":[247],"recharge":[248],"accurately,":[250],"developing":[251],"local":[252],"capacity,":[253],"incentivizing":[254],"sourcing":[261],"public":[262],"financing.":[263],"recommend":[265],"further":[266],"action":[267],"research":[268],"studies":[269],"advance":[274],"outcomes":[276],"pilot":[279],"mainstreaming":[282],"watershed":[287],"development,":[288],"supply,":[291],"adaptation":[295],"programs,":[296],"especially":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
