{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128096549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","title":"The contrasting roles of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany","display_name":"The contrasting roles of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128096549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","mag":"2128096549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9731383","display_name":"Research Policy","issn_l":"0048-7333","issn":["0048-7333","1873-7625"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033070720","display_name":"Susanne Giesecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-7904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-7904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Giesecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wirtschaft Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1050 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wirtschaft Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1050 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033070720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"],"apc_list":{"value":4280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4280},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.6013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99257885,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"205","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.6098999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.6098999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.3425000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.025599999353289604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-technology-policy","display_name":"science and technology policy","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-role-in-innovation","display_name":"government role in innovation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-research-funding","display_name":"federal research funding","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-interventionism","display_name":"state interventionism","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-performance","display_name":"innovation performance","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-policy-analysis","display_name":"comparative policy analysis","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776962539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6472078","display_name":"Lagging","level":2,"score":0.8985233306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.605178952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6013443470001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.445022851228714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4079153537750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3547930121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3086450695991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17278027534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0763462483882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00061-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9731383","display_name":"Research Policy","issn_l":"0048-7333","issn":["0048-7333","1873-7625"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:respol:v:29:y:2000:i:2:p:205-223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048-7333(99)00061-X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890100","https://openalex.org/W107504823","https://openalex.org/W142305639","https://openalex.org/W614878134","https://openalex.org/W1486027917","https://openalex.org/W1491128985","https://openalex.org/W1511973430","https://openalex.org/W1525633400","https://openalex.org/W1532540556","https://openalex.org/W1565065679","https://openalex.org/W1594080991","https://openalex.org/W1597151048","https://openalex.org/W1606540910","https://openalex.org/W1608870584","https://openalex.org/W1620442754","https://openalex.org/W1848725895","https://openalex.org/W1902578143","https://openalex.org/W1919117961","https://openalex.org/W1923634347","https://openalex.org/W1968359559","https://openalex.org/W1989339964","https://openalex.org/W1990351470","https://openalex.org/W2002925138","https://openalex.org/W2007287880","https://openalex.org/W2016683484","https://openalex.org/W2023704881","https://openalex.org/W2027035810","https://openalex.org/W2045616122","https://openalex.org/W2048002078","https://openalex.org/W2051123062","https://openalex.org/W2053562213","https://openalex.org/W2055202241","https://openalex.org/W2062130107","https://openalex.org/W2065496593","https://openalex.org/W2072263156","https://openalex.org/W2077987582","https://openalex.org/W2092848080","https://openalex.org/W2097592255","https://openalex.org/W2222815480","https://openalex.org/W2469772780","https://openalex.org/W2481116134","https://openalex.org/W2503288701","https://openalex.org/W2802019512","https://openalex.org/W3015029933","https://openalex.org/W3080165278","https://openalex.org/W3123685555","https://openalex.org/W3186861947","https://openalex.org/W4233585734","https://openalex.org/W4240365168","https://openalex.org/W4241086433","https://openalex.org/W4388088466","https://openalex.org/W6600853261","https://openalex.org/W6630509416","https://openalex.org/W6635933776","https://openalex.org/W6878132991","https://openalex.org/W6888886275","https://openalex.org/W7042875481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461803404","https://openalex.org/W7054524965","https://openalex.org/W1016386712","https://openalex.org/W2091693698","https://openalex.org/W2065496593","https://openalex.org/W6990706879","https://openalex.org/W6990518175","https://openalex.org/W96229573","https://openalex.org/W2199828979","https://openalex.org/W7219401500"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
