{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128090102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","title":"A large-force, fully-integrated MEMS magnetic actuator","display_name":"A large-force, fully-integrated MEMS magnetic actuator","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128090102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","mag":"2128090102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419851","display_name":"International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems","issn_l":"2167-0021","issn":["2167-0021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of International Solid State Sensors and Actuators Conference (Transducers '97)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J.A. Wright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.A. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111785304","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chong Tai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chong Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111555037","display_name":"Shih\u2212Chia Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Chia Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95055005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"793","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11525","display_name":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-actuator","display_name":"electromagnetic actuator","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microrelays","display_name":"microrelays","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cantilever-beam","display_name":"cantilever beam","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-micromachining","display_name":"surface micromachining","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-micromachining","display_name":"bulk micromachining","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuation-force","display_name":"actuation force","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-compatibility","display_name":"CMOS compatibility","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8348907232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141354745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17227","display_name":"Cantilever","level":2,"score":0.7365000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.7065057158470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.6897010803222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145667562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646003","display_name":"Surface micromachining","level":4,"score":0.639035701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5021562576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.48768556118011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.47434985637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4681556224822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4189044237136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3516847491264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34225931763648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34211230278015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2997663915157318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23759686946868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sensor.1997.635219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419851","display_name":"International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems","issn_l":"2167-0021","issn":["2167-0021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of International Solid State Sensors and Actuators Conference (Transducers '97)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916788427","https://openalex.org/W2077839400","https://openalex.org/W2106038354","https://openalex.org/W2139880014","https://openalex.org/W2170956201","https://openalex.org/W3121098894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121098894","https://openalex.org/W2139880014","https://openalex.org/W2097204045","https://openalex.org/W3174387418","https://openalex.org/W2047854625","https://openalex.org/W2144706784","https://openalex.org/W2528179626","https://openalex.org/W2048230127","https://openalex.org/W2087837663","https://openalex.org/W1971812257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large-force,":[1],"fully-integrated,":[2],"electromagnetic":[3,22],"actuator":[4,15],"for":[5,11],"microrelay":[6],"applications":[7],"is":[8,93],"presented.":[9],"Designed":[10],"high":[12],"efficiency,":[13],"the":[14,57,65],"integrates":[16],"a":[17,25,30,41,48,72,82],"cantilever":[18],"beam":[19],"and":[20,33,90],"planar":[21],"coil":[23,42,73],"into":[24],"low-reluctance":[26],"magnetic":[27],"circuit":[28],"using":[29],"combined":[31],"surface":[32],"bulk":[34],"micromachining":[35],"process.":[36],"Experimental":[37],"testing":[38],"shows":[39],"that":[40,60],"current":[43,74],"of":[44,56,75,84],"80":[45],"mA":[46],"generates":[47],"200":[49],"/spl":[50],"mu/N":[51],"actuation":[52,62],"force.":[53],"Theoretical":[54],"extrapolation":[55],"data":[58],"indicates":[59],"an":[61],"force":[63],"in":[64],"millinewton":[66],"range":[67],"can":[68],"be":[69],"produced":[70],"by":[71],"800":[76],"mA.":[77],"The":[78],"tested":[79],"actuators":[80],"have":[81],"footprint":[83],"less":[85],"than":[86],"8":[87],"mm/sup":[88],"2/":[89],"their":[91],"fabrication":[92],"potentially":[94],"compatible":[95],"with":[96],"CMOS":[97],"processing":[98],"technology.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
