{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127966201","doi":null,"title":"Does Proximity Matter for Knowledge Transfer from Public Institutes and Universities to Firms","display_name":"Does Proximity Matter for Knowledge Transfer from Public Institutes and Universities to Firms","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127966201","mag":"2127966201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sru:ssewps:73","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/imprint/sewps/sewp73/sewp73.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/imprint/sewps/sewp73/sewp73.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014494905","display_name":"Anthony V. Arundel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-2472","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-2472"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Arundel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-2472","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011772671","display_name":"Aldo Geuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-840X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-840X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aldo Geuna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.0989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximity-effect","display_name":"proximity effect","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-transfer","display_name":"knowledge transfer","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-industry-collaboration","display_name":"university-industry collaboration","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-innovation-system","display_name":"national innovation system","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacit-knowledge","display_name":"tacit knowledge","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-intensity","display_name":"R&D intensity","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explicit-knowledge","display_name":"explicit knowledge","score":0.7770000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.7063406109809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.6039694547653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5967189073562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743861","display_name":"Tacit knowledge","level":2,"score":0.508716881275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4950951635837555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.4837675094604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.44960880279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4491165578365326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.4304342269897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.28350895643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2613677382469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1202126145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sru:ssewps:73","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/imprint/sewps/sewp73/sewp73.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/imprint/sewps/sewp73/sewp73.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.144.6063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.6063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/imprint/sewps/sewp73/sewp73.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2127966201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/srussewps/73.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/549639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/549639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113045790","https://openalex.org/W152928723","https://openalex.org/W652735092","https://openalex.org/W1494159611","https://openalex.org/W1517138715","https://openalex.org/W1565065679","https://openalex.org/W1572691573","https://openalex.org/W1965720378","https://openalex.org/W1966777930","https://openalex.org/W1996528643","https://openalex.org/W2001334713","https://openalex.org/W2006621764","https://openalex.org/W2008083056","https://openalex.org/W2015311578","https://openalex.org/W2018619220","https://openalex.org/W2020118844","https://openalex.org/W2060207783","https://openalex.org/W2080838006","https://openalex.org/W2096059703","https://openalex.org/W2103040631","https://openalex.org/W2111464895","https://openalex.org/W2116955000","https://openalex.org/W2121043799","https://openalex.org/W2158354303","https://openalex.org/W2159282562","https://openalex.org/W2160314372","https://openalex.org/W2165429918","https://openalex.org/W2171511431","https://openalex.org/W2189415829","https://openalex.org/W2342251756","https://openalex.org/W2740036821","https://openalex.org/W2752710160","https://openalex.org/W2892051656","https://openalex.org/W2992651003","https://openalex.org/W3022850054","https://openalex.org/W3124002544","https://openalex.org/W3125862802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513081595","https://openalex.org/W2133329608","https://openalex.org/W2809399351","https://openalex.org/W2096178433","https://openalex.org/W6907610863","https://openalex.org/W2883519283","https://openalex.org/W2602761119","https://openalex.org/W2021257016","https://openalex.org/W1980024349","https://openalex.org/W1603022902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"'National":[0],"Innovation":[1,131],"Systems'":[2],"theories":[3],"are":[4,125,140,164,183],"built":[5],"upon":[6],"the":[7,25,36,40,46,59,68,70,83,93,98,143,172,177,194,223,228,248,252,264,271],"assumption":[8],"that":[9,45,155,170,240],"linkages":[10],"among":[11],"organisations":[12,116],"matter":[13],"to":[14,62,72,137,157,176,255],"innovation.":[15],"Specifically,":[16],"proximity":[17,49,96,162,175,241],"is":[18,120,193],"a":[19,214,232],"crucial":[20],"factor":[21],"in":[22,67,76,209,247,259,263],"most":[23],"of":[24,27,39,48,86,95,100,129,147,174,179,197,227,231,275],"explanations":[26],"regional":[28],"innovation":[29],"systems.":[30],"Yet":[31],"several":[32],"thing,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"rapid":[37],"growth":[38],"internet":[41],"and":[42,113,199,219,225,261,273],"email,":[43],"suggest":[44],"role":[47],"could":[50,81],"be":[51],"breaking":[52],"down,":[53],"particularly":[54],"for":[55,135,166,216,222],"large":[56],"firms":[57,103,139],"with":[58,244,270],"financial":[60],"resources":[61],"seek":[63],"out":[64],"knowledge":[65,75,101],"anywhere":[66],"world.However,":[69],"need":[71],"access":[73],"tacit":[74],"rapidly":[77],"evolving":[78],"science-based":[79],"technologies":[80],"counter":[82],"centrifugal":[84],"features":[85],"modern":[87],"communication":[88],"technologies.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91],"examines":[92],"effect":[94],"on":[97,121],"sourcing":[99],"by":[102],"from":[104,142,181,277],"suppliers,":[105],"customers,":[106],"joint":[107],"ventures,":[108],"competitors":[109],"(via":[110],"reverse":[111],"engineering)":[112],"publicly-funded":[114],"research":[115,257],"(PROs).":[117],"The":[118,168,190,202,234],"focus":[119],"PROs,":[122],"since":[123],"they":[124],"an":[126,186,245],"essential":[127],"component":[128],"National":[130],"Systems.":[132],"Relevant":[133],"data":[134],"up":[136],"615":[138],"available":[141],"1993":[144],"PACE":[145],"survey":[146],"Europe's":[148],"largest":[149],"industrial":[150],"firms.":[151],"Descriptive":[152],"results":[153,238,258],"show":[154,239],"compared":[156],"four":[158],"other":[159],"information":[160,180],"sources":[161],"effects":[163,242],"greatest":[165],"PROs.":[167,201,279],"factors":[169],"influence":[171],"importance":[173,196,253],"use":[178],"PROs":[182],"explored":[184],"through":[185],"ordered":[187,235],"logit":[188,236],"model.":[189],"dependent":[191],"variable":[192],"relative":[195],"domestic":[198,278],"foreign":[200,210],"independent":[203],"variables":[204],"include":[205],"firm":[206],"size,":[207],"activity":[208,262],"markets,":[211],"R&D":[212,250],"intensity,":[213],"proxy":[215],"codified":[217],"knowledge,":[218],"two":[220],"proxies":[221],"quantity":[224],"quality":[226,272],"scientific":[229],"base":[230],"country.":[233],"model":[237],"decline":[243],"increase":[246,269],"firm's":[249],"expenditures,":[251],"attached":[254],"basic":[256],"publications,":[260],"North":[265],"American":[266],"market,":[267],"but":[268],"availability":[274],"outputs":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}