{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127935582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","title":"Incentives and Equity under Standards-based Reform","display_name":"Incentives and Equity under Standards-based Reform","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127935582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","mag":"2127935582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/pep.2001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186420","display_name":"Brookings papers on education policy","issn_l":"1096-2719","issn":["1096-2719","1533-4457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brookings Papers on Education Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26452/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000259300","display_name":"Robert M. Costrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768165","display_name":"Commonwealth of Massachusetts","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4vvj02","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M Costrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Economics , Department of Economics , University of Massachusetts , Amherst and Director of Research and Development , Executive Office for Administration & Finance , Commonwealth of Massachusetts","Commonwealth of Massachusetts","Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Director of Research and Development, Executive Office for Administration & Finance,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Economics , Department of Economics , University of Massachusetts , Amherst and Director of Research and Development , Executive Office for Administration & Finance , Commonwealth of Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commonwealth of Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Director of Research and Development, Executive Office for Administration & Finance,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110755971","display_name":"Julian R. Betts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296812847","display_name":"Public Policy Institute of California","ror":"https://ror.org/03jy13477","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296812847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian R Betts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics , UCSD and Senior Fellow , Public Policy Institute of California , San Francisco , California","Associate Professor, Department of Economics, UCSD and Senior Fellow, Public Policy Institute of California, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics , UCSD and Senior Fellow , Public Policy Institute of California , San Francisco , California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296812847","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Economics, UCSD and Senior Fellow, Public Policy Institute of California, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296812847","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9948121,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2001","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.0917000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13853","display_name":"Teacher Education and Assessments","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standards-based-reform","display_name":"standards-based reform","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-equity","display_name":"educational equity","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-effects","display_name":"sorting effects","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-effects","display_name":"incentive effects","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-cognitive-skills","display_name":"non-cognitive skills","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-skills","display_name":"cognitive skills","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-educational-standards","display_name":"state educational standards","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8459744453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7055081129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.702551007270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.5723593831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4605497419834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42632439732551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3690081536769867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31869179010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30952000617980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14135155081748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08037588000297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/pep.2001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186420","display_name":"Brookings papers on education policy","issn_l":"1096-2719","issn":["1096-2719","1533-4457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brookings Papers on Education Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/26452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/pep.2001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pep.2001.0001","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26452/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186420","display_name":"Brookings papers on education policy","issn_l":"1096-2719","issn":["1096-2719","1533-4457"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brookings Papers on Education Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127935582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127935582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121754083","https://openalex.org/W173915823","https://openalex.org/W283579214","https://openalex.org/W1020063157","https://openalex.org/W1481813919","https://openalex.org/W1517094287","https://openalex.org/W1521818568","https://openalex.org/W1531174060","https://openalex.org/W1566501815","https://openalex.org/W1980889308","https://openalex.org/W2010548016","https://openalex.org/W2052642125","https://openalex.org/W2061751771","https://openalex.org/W2064501602","https://openalex.org/W2067756217","https://openalex.org/W2091067418","https://openalex.org/W2116361657","https://openalex.org/W2725930985","https://openalex.org/W3122563095","https://openalex.org/W3129957352","https://openalex.org/W4236142338","https://openalex.org/W4408005452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030137462","https://openalex.org/W4230827090","https://openalex.org/W7098352156","https://openalex.org/W25610089","https://openalex.org/W2015143203","https://openalex.org/W1528715530","https://openalex.org/W7017930701","https://openalex.org/W7099011189","https://openalex.org/W2103979048","https://openalex.org/W1489321855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"paper":[1,61,85],"considers":[2],"theoretical":[3,14],"and":[4,19,25,31,36,58,69,79],"empirical":[5,71],"evidence":[6,72],"on":[7,73,81],"the":[8,28,74,84,89,93],"impact":[9,75],"of":[10,22,76,88],"standards-based":[11],"school":[12,66],"reform.Our":[13],"synthesis":[15],"distinguishes":[16],"between":[17,33,56],"sorting":[18],"incentive":[20],"effects":[21],"high":[23],"standards,":[24],"spells":[26],"out":[27],"potential":[29],"tradeoffs":[30],"complementarities":[32],"enhancing":[34],"efficiency":[35],"equity":[37],"in":[38,45,64],"student":[39,82],"achievement.Differentiated":[40],"credentials":[41],"can":[42],"be":[43],"helpful":[44],"ameliorating":[46],"tradeoffs,":[47],"provided":[48],"that":[49],"distinct":[50],"signals":[51],"are":[52],"clearly":[53],"understood,":[54],"especially":[55],"cognitive":[57],"non-cognitive":[59],"skills.The":[60],"reviews":[62,86],"trends":[63],"state-level":[65],"accountability":[67],"systems,":[68],"examines":[70],"increased":[77],"standards":[78,94],"expectations":[80],"achievement.Finally,":[83],"some":[87],"practical":[90],"challenges":[91],"facing":[92],"movement.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
