{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127513610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","title":"A Comparison of Student Participation Levels by Group Size and Language Stages during Chatroom and Face-to-Face Discussions in German","display_name":"A Comparison of Student Participation Levels by Group Size and Language Stages during Chatroom and Face-to-Face Discussions in German","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127513610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","mag":"2127513610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","pdf_url":"http://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/download/17143/19608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764458360","display_name":"CALICO Journal","issn_l":"0742-7778","issn":["0742-7778","2056-9017"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320355","host_organization_name":"Equinox Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Equinox Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CALICO Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/download/17143/19608","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044221614","display_name":"Olaf B\u00f6hlke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olaf B\u00f6hlke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creighton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creighton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044221614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.0122,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99566494,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.4318999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.4318999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.1607999950647354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.09189999848604202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-participation","display_name":"student participation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-size","display_name":"group size","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-computer-mediated-communication","display_name":"synchronous computer-mediated communication","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chat-rooms","display_name":"chat rooms","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face-discussion","display_name":"face-to-face discussion","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"German as a foreign language","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-unit","display_name":"communication unit","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-language-learning","display_name":"computer-assisted language learning","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-group-interaction","display_name":"small group interaction","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.874271810054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109778625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Computer-mediated communication","level":3,"score":0.6238746643066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5394582748413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5393481254577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5107941627502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777359053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463823","display_name":"Face-to-face","level":2,"score":0.49771788716316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.493689626455307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4389052093029022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3860234022140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.31902173161506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20267903804779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09122565388679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.07499456405639648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","pdf_url":"http://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/download/17143/19608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764458360","display_name":"CALICO Journal","issn_l":"0742-7778","issn":["0742-7778","2056-9017"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320355","host_organization_name":"Equinox Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Equinox Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CALICO Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v21i1.67-97","pdf_url":"http://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/download/17143/19608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764458360","display_name":"CALICO Journal","issn_l":"0742-7778","issn":["0742-7778","2056-9017"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320355","host_organization_name":"Equinox Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Equinox Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CALICO Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127513610.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127513610.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166141090","https://openalex.org/W204506272","https://openalex.org/W1514081288","https://openalex.org/W1756353881","https://openalex.org/W1982928029","https://openalex.org/W1988291126","https://openalex.org/W2004732665","https://openalex.org/W2012522902","https://openalex.org/W2045066387","https://openalex.org/W2048570792","https://openalex.org/W2050468981","https://openalex.org/W2051741678","https://openalex.org/W2082299614","https://openalex.org/W2096852389","https://openalex.org/W2733252733","https://openalex.org/W2921292729","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2199099270","https://openalex.org/W1756353881","https://openalex.org/W7098179347","https://openalex.org/W2089151033","https://openalex.org/W7065877169","https://openalex.org/W7034328201","https://openalex.org/W1928909748","https://openalex.org/W2581845104","https://openalex.org/W53007196","https://openalex.org/W2141005044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,71],"article":[1],"seeks":[2],"to":[3,5,27,30,67,127],"contribute":[4],"the":[6,31,39,56,74,99,107,115,134,137],"ongoing":[7],"exploration":[8],"of":[9,41,53,76,101,118,149],"computer-assisted":[10],"language":[11,54,57,138,150],"learning":[12],"(CALL),":[13],"in":[14,21,43,60,65,93,141],"particular":[15],"synchronous":[16],"computer-mediated":[17],"communication":[18,110],"(CMC)":[19],"used":[20],"a":[22,147],"university":[23],"environment,":[24],"and":[25,49,81],"attempts":[26],"find":[28],"answers":[29],"following":[32],"two":[33],"research":[34],"questions:":[35],"(a)":[36],"How":[37],"is":[38,55],"level":[40,75,100,117],"participation":[42,77,102,119],"communicative":[44],"interactions":[45],"distributed":[46],"among":[47,78,120],"participants?":[48],"(b)":[50],"What":[51],"kind":[52],"learner":[58],"engaged":[59],"during":[61],"small":[62,94],"chatroom":[63,86],"sessions":[64],"comparison":[66],"small-group":[68],"face-to-face":[69,95],"sessions?":[70],"study":[72,135],"compared":[73,126],"27":[79],"students":[80,124],"contrasted":[82],"their":[83,89],"written":[84],"German":[85],"discourse":[87,91],"with":[88,109,122,129],"oral":[90],"produced":[92,140],"discussion":[96,143],"groups.":[97],"First,":[98],"was":[103,125],"measured":[104],"by":[105,145,154],"coding":[106],"data":[108],"units,":[111],"or":[112],"c-units.":[113],"Second,":[114],"overall":[116],"groups":[121,128],"five":[123],"only":[130],"four":[131],"students.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"investigated":[136],"levels":[139],"both":[142],"modes":[144],"applying":[146],"scale":[148],"stages":[151],"as":[152],"described":[153],"Tschirner":[155],"(1996).":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
