{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127368965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","title":"Social and Economic Implications of Noncommunicable diseases in India","display_name":"Social and Economic Implications of Noncommunicable diseases in India","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127368965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","mag":"2127368965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628905","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3354895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0970-0218.94704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195303007","display_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","issn_l":"0970-0218","issn":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101855409","display_name":"Jarnail Singh Thakur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-4268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-4268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162279","display_name":"World Health Organization - India","ror":"https://ror.org/05vefar40","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210112062","https://openalex.org/I4210162279"]}],"countries":["CH","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JS Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210162279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071690494","display_name":"Shankar Prinja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-6986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-6986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shankar Prinja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111927380","display_name":"CharuC Garg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CharuC Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health System Financing, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health System Financing, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021787238","display_name":"Shanthi Mendis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-5738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-5738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanthi Mendis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052654766","display_name":"Nata Menabde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162279","display_name":"World Health Organization - India","ror":"https://ror.org/05vefar40","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210112062","https://openalex.org/I4210162279"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nata Menabde","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHO Representative of India, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHO Representative of India, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101855409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210162279"],"apc_list":{"value":80,"currency":"USD","value_usd":80},"apc_paid":{"value":80,"currency":"USD","value_usd":80},"fwci":3.5434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93730727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14093","display_name":"Global Health and Epidemiology","score":0.02969999983906746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-health-expenditure","display_name":"catastrophic health expenditure","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-costs","display_name":"out-of-pocket costs","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-poverty","display_name":"household poverty","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-burden","display_name":"health system burden","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden-of-disease","display_name":"economic burden of disease","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-promotion","display_name":"health promotion","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisectoral-action","display_name":"multisectoral action","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4183216392993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3448878526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34034043550491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2139005959033966}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0970-0218.94704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195303007","display_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","issn_l":"0970-0218","issn":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2363372","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3354895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3354895","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3354895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian J Community Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22628905","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:726a9f5360fe47a0bdb9e19e144469ea","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/726a9f5360fe47a0bdb9e19e144469ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol 36, Iss 5, Pp 13-22 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0970-0218.94704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.94704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195303007","display_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","issn_l":"0970-0218","issn":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200820283","https://openalex.org/W207129540","https://openalex.org/W1966184844","https://openalex.org/W1987313755","https://openalex.org/W2001449481","https://openalex.org/W2003857182","https://openalex.org/W2004627568","https://openalex.org/W2011817637","https://openalex.org/W2028922380","https://openalex.org/W2040727029","https://openalex.org/W2044355963","https://openalex.org/W2050133755","https://openalex.org/W2052323081","https://openalex.org/W2067504063","https://openalex.org/W2074467897","https://openalex.org/W2103352222","https://openalex.org/W2124411528","https://openalex.org/W2129085486","https://openalex.org/W2141350496","https://openalex.org/W2145987399","https://openalex.org/W2147574533","https://openalex.org/W2153526232","https://openalex.org/W2159205637","https://openalex.org/W2161716222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904730216","https://openalex.org/W4200079120","https://openalex.org/W2150620050","https://openalex.org/W4319594327","https://openalex.org/W2149831428","https://openalex.org/W3158832075","https://openalex.org/W7096539912","https://openalex.org/W311920938","https://openalex.org/W1981640216","https://openalex.org/W4385331521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Noncommunicable":[0],"diseases":[1,54],"(NCDs)":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,129,174,202,217,289,346],"major":[6],"public":[7],"health":[8,47,114,186,321,329,335,356],"problem":[9],"in":[10,39,70,82,96,112,120,234,241],"India":[11,121,235,259],"accounting":[12],"for":[13,92,116,184,188,237,280,358],"62%":[14],"of":[15,19,24,37,65,74,80,85,107,126,151,165,196,204,227,244,246,301,328,344,355],"the":[16,32,50,58,61,93,102,117,163,185,228,232,242,302,307,341,350],"total":[17,25],"burden":[18,240],"foregone":[20],"DALYs":[21],"and":[22,34,49,88,104,133,140,142,192,198,211,251,269,276,323,353,363],"53%":[23],"deaths.":[26],"In":[27,223],"this":[28,43],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"review":[31],"social":[33,83,326,351],"economic":[35,239],"impact":[36,44],"NCDs":[38,75,108,205,233,303],"India.":[40,71,97],"We":[41],"outline":[42],"at":[45,57,320],"household,":[46],"system":[48,187],"macroeconomic":[51,224],"level.":[52],"Cardiovascular":[53],"(CVDs)":[55],"figure":[56],"top":[59],"among":[60],"leading":[62],"ten":[63],"causes":[64],"adult":[66],"(25-69":[67],"years)":[68],"deaths":[69],"The":[72,149,194],"effects":[73,106],"are":[76,145,283],"inequitable":[77],"with":[78,101,128,131,135,160,316,331,340],"evidence":[79],"reversal":[81],"gradient":[84],"risk":[86],"factors":[87],"greater":[89],"financial":[90],"implications":[91],"poorer":[94],"households":[95],"Out-of-pocket":[98],"expenditure":[99,115,139,155],"associated":[100],"acute":[103],"long-term":[105],"is":[109,249,260,294,366],"high":[110,178],"resulting":[111],"catastrophic":[113,138,153,167],"households.":[118],"Study":[119],"showed":[122],"that":[123,231,296],"about":[124],"25%":[125],"families":[127],"member":[130],"CVD":[132],"50%":[134],"cancer":[136,161],"experience":[137],"10%":[141],"25%,":[143],"respectively,":[144,215],"driven":[146],"to":[147,173,209,213,221,267,285,312,361],"poverty.":[148],"odds":[150,164],"incurring":[152,166],"hospitalization":[154,170],"were":[156],"nearly":[157],"160%":[158],"higher":[159],"than":[162],"spending":[168],"when":[169],"was":[171],"due":[172,266],"communicable":[175],"disease.":[176],"These":[177],"numbers":[179],"also":[180],"pose":[181],"significant":[182,250],"challenge":[183],"providing":[189],"treatment,":[190],"care":[191,282],"support.":[193],"proportion":[195],"hospitalizations":[197],"outpatient":[199],"consultations":[200],"as":[201],"result":[203],"rose":[206],"from":[207,219],"32%":[208],"40%":[210],"22%":[212],"35%,":[214],"within":[216],"decade":[218],"1995":[220],"2004.":[222],"term,":[225],"most":[226],"estimates":[229],"suggest":[230],"account":[236],"an":[238],"range":[243],"5-10%":[245],"GDP,":[247],"which":[248],"slowing":[252],"down":[253],"GDP":[254],"thus":[255],"hampering":[256],"development.":[257],"While":[258,292],"simultaneously":[261],"experiencing":[262],"several":[263],"disease":[264],"burdens":[265],"old":[268],"new":[270],"infections,":[271],"nutritional":[272],"deficiencies,":[273],"chronic":[274],"diseases,":[275],"injuries,":[277],"individual":[278,332,364],"interventions":[279],"clinical":[281],"unlikely":[284],"be":[286,306,313],"affordable":[287],"on":[288,325],"large":[290],"scale.":[291],"it":[293,310],"clear":[295],"\"treating":[297],"our":[298],"way":[299],"out\"":[300],"may":[304],"not":[305],"efficient":[308],"way,":[309],"has":[311],"strongly":[314],"supplemented":[315],"population-based":[317],"services":[318,365],"aimed":[319],"promotion":[322],"action":[324,348],"determinants":[327,352],"along":[330],"services.":[333],"Since":[334],"sector":[336],"alone":[337],"cannot":[338],"deal":[339],"\"chronic":[342],"emergency\"":[343],"NCDs,":[345],"multi-sectoral":[347],"addressing":[349],"strengthening":[354],"systems":[357],"universal":[359],"coverage":[360],"population":[362],"required.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
