{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127249236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","title":"The sunken lanes of Southern England: Engineering geological considerations","display_name":"The sunken lanes of Southern England: Engineering geological considerations","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127249236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","mag":"2127249236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67785822","display_name":"Geological Society London Engineering Geology Special Publications","issn_l":"0267-9914","issn":["0267-9914","2041-4730"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311785","host_organization_name":"Zoological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Zoological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111371642","display_name":"M. E. Barton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.E. Barton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton\rHampshire S09 5NH, UK","Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton#N#Hampshire S09 5NH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton\rHampshire S09 5NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton#N#Hampshire S09 5NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111371642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"411","last_page":"417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.13289999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hollow-ways","display_name":"hollow ways","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-cuts","display_name":"road cuttings","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-stability","display_name":"bank stability","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-failures","display_name":"bank failures","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris-flows","display_name":"debris flows","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slope-degradation","display_name":"slope degradation","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retaining-walls","display_name":"retaining walls","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabions","display_name":"gabions","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-conservation","display_name":"landscape conservation","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"environmental planning","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-england","display_name":"southern England","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.604213297367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3456363379955292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2401021420955658}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67785822","display_name":"Geological Society London Engineering Geology Special Publications","issn_l":"0267-9914","issn":["0267-9914","2041-4730"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311785","host_organization_name":"Zoological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Zoological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:435246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/435246/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122048667","https://openalex.org/W413531369","https://openalex.org/W633303154","https://openalex.org/W642517359","https://openalex.org/W1533426806","https://openalex.org/W1548583970","https://openalex.org/W1561611810","https://openalex.org/W1587432785","https://openalex.org/W2010483683","https://openalex.org/W2014304657","https://openalex.org/W2019922696","https://openalex.org/W2051124743","https://openalex.org/W2066639496","https://openalex.org/W2073212707","https://openalex.org/W2084184064","https://openalex.org/W2134488453","https://openalex.org/W2149223976","https://openalex.org/W2151204141","https://openalex.org/W2240717979","https://openalex.org/W2246545388","https://openalex.org/W2317879602","https://openalex.org/W2797761053","https://openalex.org/W2921199205","https://openalex.org/W3026741425","https://openalex.org/W4239050752","https://openalex.org/W4251176920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193611347","https://openalex.org/W7130407920","https://openalex.org/W2371176738","https://openalex.org/W170946842","https://openalex.org/W3161342727","https://openalex.org/W2005928736","https://openalex.org/W2012167327","https://openalex.org/W4230066036","https://openalex.org/W4250618605","https://openalex.org/W2367606121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,310],"paper":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,12,27,34,41,65,85,94,138,146,178,181,186,203,233,273,281,288,326,335],"geological,":[5],"geotechnical":[6],"and":[7,39,46,68,92,128,154,231,240,284],"environmental":[8,315],"planning":[9],"problems":[10],"of":[11,18,30,44,112,121,125,137,145,177,188,216,272,287,328],"sunken":[13,226],"lanes,":[14],"or":[15,73,103,151,159,171,209,259,263],"hollow":[16],"ways,":[17],"Southern":[19],"England.":[20],"Sunken":[21,76,266],"lanes":[22,77,227,267],"are":[23,87,115,228,249,268],"generally":[24],"ascribed":[25],"to":[26,90,117,301,317],"downcutting":[28],"action":[29],"wheeled":[31],"traffic":[32,238],"on":[33,280],"formerly":[35],"un-made":[36],"road,":[37],"augmenting":[38],"accelerating":[40,214],"natural":[42,66],"processes":[43],"weathering":[45],"erosion.":[47],"The":[48,135,195],"road":[49,82,308],"may":[50,70,105,184,243],"be":[51,71,166,244,292,323],"at":[52],"least":[53],"several":[54],"metres":[55],"below":[56],"general":[57],"ground":[58],"level":[59],"with":[60,218],"a":[61,108,122,237,241,278,285,293,303,312,330],"cutting":[62],"slope":[63],"in":[64,198,325,334],"strata":[67],"which":[69],"wholly,":[72],"partly,":[74],"vegetated.":[75],"must":[78],"have":[79,185],"evolved":[80],"before":[81],"surfacing":[83],"but":[84,305],"banks":[86],"still":[88],"subject":[89],"degradation":[91,217],"although":[93],"rate":[95,215],"is":[96,132,201,311],"extremely":[97],"slow,":[98],"failure":[99,176,204],"by":[100,168,261],"spalling,":[101],"debris-sliding":[102],"debris-flow":[104],"occur.":[106],"From":[107],"site":[109],"investigation":[110],"point":[111],"view":[113],"they":[114],"difficult":[116],"investigate":[118],"geologically":[119],"because":[120,129],"variable":[123],"extent":[124,319],"weathered":[126,147],"mantle":[127],"trial":[130],"pitting":[131],"usually":[133,229],"impractical.":[134],"materials":[136],"bank":[139,179],"can":[140,320],"range":[141],"from":[142,191],"loose":[143],"sand":[144],"mantle,":[148],"weakly":[149],"locked":[150,152],"sands":[153],"harder,":[155],"cemented":[156],"rock":[157,172],"bands":[158],"masses.":[160],"In":[161],"most":[162],"cases,":[163,200],"stability":[164,190],"cannot":[165],"quantified":[167],"traditional":[169],"soil":[170],"mechanics":[173],"methods.":[174],"Where":[175],"occurs,":[180],"Highway":[182],"Authority":[183],"problem":[187,313],"assessing":[189],"engineering":[192,247],"geological":[193],"considerations.":[194],"question":[196],"posed":[197],"such":[199],"whether":[202],"represents":[205],"an":[206,213,269],"isolated":[207],"occurrence":[208],"will":[210],"it":[211],"mean":[212],"further,":[219],"more":[220],"frequent":[221],"and/or":[222],"larger":[223],"failures.":[224],"Since":[225],"narrow":[230],"winding,":[232],"fallen":[234],"material":[235],"becomes":[236],"hazard":[239,322],"decision":[242],"made":[245],"that":[246],"measures":[248],"required.":[250],"These":[251],"could":[252],"include":[253],"re-grading,":[254],"retaining":[255],"walls,":[256],"revetting,":[257],"gabions":[258],"protection":[260],"nylon":[262],"steel":[264],"mesh.":[265],"attractive":[270],"feature":[271,333],"landscape,":[274],"providing":[275],"scenic":[276],"variety,":[277],"window":[279],"solid":[282],"geology":[283],"reminder":[286],"past.":[289],"It":[290],"would":[291],"loss":[294],"were":[295],"all":[296],"potentially":[297],"unstable":[298],"cuttings":[299],"'engineered'":[300],"provide":[302],"safe":[304],"purely":[306],"artificial":[307],"bank.":[309],"for":[314],"planners:":[316],"what":[318],"some":[321],"accepted":[324],"interests":[327],"conserving":[329],"very":[331],"characteristic":[332],"landscape?":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}