{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126905657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","title":"Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey","display_name":"Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126905657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","mag":"2126905657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su5104502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/pdf?version=1424777749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/pdf?version=1424777749","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087305566","display_name":"Christopher Boyko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Boyko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imagination Lancaster, B29 LICA Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-5911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imagination Lancaster, B29 LICA Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033947908","display_name":"Rachel Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-1304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-1304","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1758-0598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imagination Lancaster, B29 LICA Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imagination Lancaster, B29 LICA Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087305566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":5.9635,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95925911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"10","first_page":"4502","last_page":"4522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.6044999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.6044999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.1597999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.05480000004172325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-density","display_name":"urban density","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-densification","display_name":"urban densification","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"urban planning","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-cities","display_name":"sustainable cities","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density","display_name":"population density","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-density","display_name":"housing density","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-scalar-planning","display_name":"multi-scalar planning","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-environment-education","display_name":"built environment education","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-design","display_name":"urban design","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.49959850311279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4658169746398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43752869963645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37964901328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37796032428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27253419160842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21982285380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21846023201942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su5104502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/pdf?version=1424777749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:69670","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/69670/1/sustainability_05_04502.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/69670/1/sustainability_05_04502.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.406.6300","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.6300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.701.6062","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.6062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://imagination.lancaster.ac.uk/sites/default/files/outcome_downloads/sustainability-05-04502.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:5:y:2013:i:10:p:4502-4522:d:29819","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1975ad59b8a48adad74fb4b7c419b6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1975ad59b8a48adad74fb4b7c419b6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 5, Iss 10, Pp 4502-4522 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su5104502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104502","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/10/4502/pdf?version=1424777749","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6932337245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/F007426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272023296","display_name":"SUSTAINABLE REGENERATION: FROM EVIDENCE-BASED URBAN FUTURES TO IMPLEMENTATION","funder_award_id":"EP/F007426/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2126905657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2126905657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41087924","https://openalex.org/W49830907","https://openalex.org/W90646548","https://openalex.org/W97346456","https://openalex.org/W152800106","https://openalex.org/W565423155","https://openalex.org/W637512442","https://openalex.org/W647003524","https://openalex.org/W1517072138","https://openalex.org/W1539387050","https://openalex.org/W1541144771","https://openalex.org/W1547641901","https://openalex.org/W1551502995","https://openalex.org/W1577962188","https://openalex.org/W1592685619","https://openalex.org/W1600721552","https://openalex.org/W1801543149","https://openalex.org/W1983137693","https://openalex.org/W1994347823","https://openalex.org/W1995542204","https://openalex.org/W1995622160","https://openalex.org/W1998371505","https://openalex.org/W2002612809","https://openalex.org/W2007368506","https://openalex.org/W2011377656","https://openalex.org/W2021987030","https://openalex.org/W2025510628","https://openalex.org/W2031597838","https://openalex.org/W2036524002","https://openalex.org/W2038469877","https://openalex.org/W2045338850","https://openalex.org/W2057099108","https://openalex.org/W2063721006","https://openalex.org/W2064477777","https://openalex.org/W2065456245","https://openalex.org/W2083316861","https://openalex.org/W2086340277","https://openalex.org/W2093060000","https://openalex.org/W2093652160","https://openalex.org/W2099436484","https://openalex.org/W2102510291","https://openalex.org/W2108895783","https://openalex.org/W2120746786","https://openalex.org/W2124742704","https://openalex.org/W2128376791","https://openalex.org/W2131519462","https://openalex.org/W2134915282","https://openalex.org/W2160207330","https://openalex.org/W2167169570","https://openalex.org/W2360267342","https://openalex.org/W2504079257","https://openalex.org/W2891888244","https://openalex.org/W3004525669","https://openalex.org/W3028336471","https://openalex.org/W3166375984","https://openalex.org/W4239206666","https://openalex.org/W4243318328","https://openalex.org/W4312752725","https://openalex.org/W6679234652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964598959","https://openalex.org/W4387571249","https://openalex.org/W2160207330","https://openalex.org/W4316075594","https://openalex.org/W2019607887","https://openalex.org/W7216975212","https://openalex.org/W4409874747","https://openalex.org/W2587108567","https://openalex.org/W7018657849","https://openalex.org/W2775036874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1,141],"countries,":[2],"policymakers":[3],"have":[4],"used":[5],"urban":[6,97],"densification":[7],"strategies":[8],"in":[9,51,186,199],"an":[10,78],"effort":[11],"to":[12,69,81,130,167,183,188],"create":[13],"more":[14,115,169,181],"sustainable":[15],"cities.":[16],"However,":[17],"spatial":[18],"density":[19,32,43,58,121,144,176],"as":[20],"a":[21,102,106,195],"concept":[22],"remains":[23],"unclear":[24],"and":[25,44,48,65,88,99,119,122,127],"complex.":[26],"Little":[27],"information":[28],"exists":[29],"about":[30],"how":[31],"is":[33],"considered":[34],"by":[35],"decision":[36,112],"makers,":[37],"including":[38],"the":[39,45,75,83,92,138,143,149,155,172],"different":[40],"kinds":[41,134],"of":[42,94,135,142,171,175,201],"wider":[46],"political":[47],"economic":[49],"context":[50],"which":[52],"decisions":[53,64,145,161],"are":[54,146,158],"made:":[55],"who":[56],"makes":[57],"decisions,":[59],"when":[60,177],"they":[61,67,159],"make":[62,70],"those":[63],"what":[66],"use":[68],"decisions.":[71],"To":[72],"that":[73,111,123,151,190],"end,":[74],"authors":[76],"created":[77],"online":[79],"survey":[80,104],"investigate":[82],"above":[84],"issues.":[85],"One":[86],"hundred":[87],"twenty-nine":[89],"respondents":[90],"from":[91],"fields":[93],"architecture,":[95],"planning,":[96],"design":[98],"engineering":[100],"answered":[101],"26-item":[103],"over":[105],"3-month":[107],"period.":[108],"Findings":[109],"suggest":[110],"makers":[113],"consider":[114],"than":[116],"just":[117],"population":[118],"dwelling":[120],"city":[124],"design,":[125],"planning":[126],"policy":[128],"need":[129,166],"address":[131],"these":[132],"other":[133],"density.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"professions":[139],"making":[140,154,160],"not,":[147],"necessarily,":[148],"ones":[150],"should":[152],"be":[153,168,184],"decisions;":[156],"nor":[157],"early":[162],"enough.":[163],"Policymakers":[164],"also":[165],"cognisant":[170],"multi-scalar":[173],"dimensions":[174],"creating":[178],"policy.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"needs":[182],"done":[185],"universities":[187],"ensure":[189],"built":[191],"environment":[192],"students":[193],"receive":[194],"broader":[196],"skillset,":[197],"particularly":[198],"terms":[200],"engaging":[202],"with":[203],"communities.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
