{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126887009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","title":"Direct Measurements of the Stiffness of Echinoderm Sperm Flagella","display_name":"Direct Measurements of the Stiffness of Echinoderm Sperm Flagella","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126887009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","mag":"2126887009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111541128","display_name":"Makoto Okuno","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698","https://openalex.org/I4400009020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Okuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology Biological Laboratory , , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152, Japan","Biological Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan; Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Corona del Mar, California 92625, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology Biological Laboratory , , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan; Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Corona del Mar, California 92625, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698","https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113499019","display_name":"Yukio Hiramoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698","https://openalex.org/I4400009020"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukio Hiramoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology Biological Laboratory , , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology Biological Laboratory , , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8148631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"1","first_page":"235","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.44749999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.07289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-flagella","display_name":"sperm flagella","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending-stiffness","display_name":"bending stiffness","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemicentrotus-pulcherrimus","display_name":"Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microtubules","display_name":"microtubules","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-s-modulus","display_name":"Young's modulus","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp","display_name":"ATP","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adp","display_name":"ADP","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleotide-phosphates","display_name":"nucleotide phosphates","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115811362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189998","display_name":"Flagellum","level":3,"score":0.9373147487640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.703132152557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.6252392530441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73099012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459050","display_name":"Flexural rigidity","level":2,"score":0.5797650218009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128172907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4887116","display_name":"Bending stiffness","level":3,"score":0.5453360676765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777929075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44631","display_name":"Echinoderm","level":2,"score":0.5293724536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409706","display_name":"Hemicentrotus","level":3,"score":0.4338289499282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.42026543617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776908312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83483","display_name":"Sea urchin","level":2,"score":0.38261914253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.37366220355033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34182339906692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24730581045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16086488962173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15263834595680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.1483064591884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.108125239610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06324642896652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.79.1.235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20257348","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","issn_l":"0022-0949","issn":["0022-0949","1477-9145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311847","host_organization_name":"The Company of Biologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Company of Biologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.545.9173","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.545.9173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jeb.biologists.org/content/79/1/235.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645716713","https://openalex.org/W1917648199","https://openalex.org/W1930756792","https://openalex.org/W1993788524","https://openalex.org/W2004617962","https://openalex.org/W2005442148","https://openalex.org/W2011751075","https://openalex.org/W2014864088","https://openalex.org/W2015589518","https://openalex.org/W2044342274","https://openalex.org/W2053458495","https://openalex.org/W2056712613","https://openalex.org/W2072299253","https://openalex.org/W2084289131","https://openalex.org/W2105031898","https://openalex.org/W2111691098","https://openalex.org/W2116895075","https://openalex.org/W2186221596","https://openalex.org/W2229531222","https://openalex.org/W2411950192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095633416","https://openalex.org/W2018471646","https://openalex.org/W1993788524","https://openalex.org/W2001409042","https://openalex.org/W2462344744","https://openalex.org/W2145704097","https://openalex.org/W1972962846","https://openalex.org/W2413755893","https://openalex.org/W2085784905","https://openalex.org/W1993977526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,40,95],"stiffness":[2,29,47,96,133],"(flexural":[3],"rigidity)":[4],"of":[5,18,30,57,101,111,127,149],"some":[6],"echinoderm":[7],"sperm":[8],"flagella":[9,32,67],"was":[10,44,97],"measured,":[11],"using":[12],"a":[13,54],"flexible":[14,62],"glass":[15],"microneedle.":[16],"Values":[17],"0\u00b73\u20131\u00b75":[19],"\u00d7":[20,80,90,156],"10\u2212":[21,81,91,157],"21":[22,92],"N":[23,83,93],"m2":[24],"were":[25,34,64,74,134],"obtained":[26],"for":[27],"the":[28,104,115,122,125,132,145,160,163],"live":[31,42,87,112,174],"which":[33,61],"immobilized":[35,41,86,173],"with":[36,169],"CO2-saturated":[37],"sea":[38],"water.":[39],"flagellum":[43],"uniform":[45],"in":[46,53,60,70,172],"along":[48],"its":[49],"entire":[50],"length,":[51],"except":[52],"particular":[55],"plane":[56],"imposed":[58],"bending":[59],"regions":[63],"observed.":[65],"Demembranated":[66],"(Hemicentrotus":[68],"pulcherrimus)":[69],"an":[71],"ATP-free":[72],"solution":[73,105,116],"about":[75],"ten":[76],"times":[77],"stiffer":[78],"(1\u00b71":[79],"20":[82],"m2)":[84],"than":[85],"ones":[88,113],"(0\u00b75\u20130\u00b79":[89],"m2).":[94],"decreased":[98],"by":[99],"addition":[100],"ATP":[102,130],"to":[103,109,153],"and":[106,129,139],"became":[107],"equivalent":[108],"that":[110,162],"when":[114],"contained":[117],"10":[118],"mm":[119],"ATP.":[120],"In":[121],"demembranated":[123],"flagella,":[124],"effects":[126],"ADP":[128],"on":[131,159],"similar.":[135],"Other":[136],"nucleotide":[137],"phosphates":[138],"inorganic":[140],"phosphate":[141],"did":[142],"not":[143],"reduce":[144],"stiffness.":[146],"Young\u2019s":[147],"modulus":[148],"microtubules":[150,164],"is":[151],"estimated":[152],"be":[154],"2\u20135":[155],"Nm2":[158],"basis":[161],"have":[165],"no":[166],"tight":[167],"connexion":[168],"one":[170],"another":[171],"flagella.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}