{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126807146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","title":"Image Labeling Model Based on Conditional Random Fields","display_name":"Image Labeling Model Based on Conditional Random Fields","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126807146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","mag":"2126807146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073265844","display_name":"Yan Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-3863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-3863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045678255","display_name":"Wen Bo Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Bo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048062411","display_name":"Yun Ji Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ji Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368208","display_name":"Na Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-1652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-1652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57327961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"756-759","issue":null,"first_page":"3869","last_page":"3873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.49239999055862427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.49239999055862427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.31839999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-fields","display_name":"conditional random fields","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-annotation","display_name":"image annotation","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-dependence","display_name":"spatial dependence","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrastive-divergence","display_name":"contrastive divergence","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-classification","display_name":"object classification","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.9566906690597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9479303359985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8578757047653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7343100905418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.724315881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047694087028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.5871194005012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5117228031158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5107595920562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5001592636108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47517696022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4687851667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4646660089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4303198754787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4270749092102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42639273405075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.42254048585891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41547614336013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4145069718360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.35309725999832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2997037172317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.834.7905","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.834.7905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.scientific.net/AMR.756-759.3869.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189514790","https://openalex.org/W1651266332","https://openalex.org/W1766290689","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2158823144","https://openalex.org/W2185191019","https://openalex.org/W2950342388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989442767","https://openalex.org/W7098484595","https://openalex.org/W2078319884","https://openalex.org/W2010080549","https://openalex.org/W4255278007","https://openalex.org/W2562510222","https://openalex.org/W7097933438","https://openalex.org/W108893130","https://openalex.org/W1897240504","https://openalex.org/W2007695859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,94,108],"present":[1,109],"conditional":[2,92],"random":[3],"fields":[4],"(CRFs),":[5],"a":[6,29,49],"framework":[7,31],"for":[8,43],"building":[9],"probabilistic":[10],"models":[11],"to":[12,21,32,48,58,86,90],"segment":[13],"and":[14,18,105],"label":[15,22],"sequence":[16],"data,":[17],"use":[19],"CRFs":[20,27],"pixels":[23],"in":[24,36,71],"an":[25,37,59,63,88],"image.":[26],"provide":[28],"discriminative":[30],"incorporate":[33],"spatial":[34],"dependencies":[35],"image,":[38],"which":[39],"is":[40,79],"more":[41],"appropriate":[42],"classification":[44,61,101,110],"tasks":[45],"as":[46],"opposed":[47],"generative":[50],"framework.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"we":[55],"apply":[56],"CRF":[57],"image":[60,64],"tasks:":[62],"labeling":[65],"problem":[66],"(manmade":[67],"vs.":[68],"natural":[69],"regions":[70],"the":[72,91,100],"MSRC":[73,116],"21-object":[74,117],"class":[75,118],"datasets).":[76],"Parameter":[77],"learning":[78],"performed":[80],"using":[81],"contrastive":[82],"divergence":[83],"(CD)":[84],"algorithm":[85],"maximize":[87],"approximation":[89],"likelihood.":[93],"focus":[95],"on":[96,112],"two":[97],"aspects":[98],"of":[99],"task:":[102],"feature":[103],"extraction":[104],"classifiers":[106],"design.":[107],"results":[111],"sample":[113],"images":[114],"from":[115],"datasets.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}